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20 August 2012

USS Constitution sails again

USS Constitution and HMS Guerriere by Anton Otto Fischer 
On August 19, 2012, the venerable USS Constitution set sail to commemorate its defeat of the British frigate HMS Guerriere 200 years ago. Built at Edmund Hartt’s shipyard in Boston, the three-masted heavy frigate was launched in 1797 to provide U.S. Navy protection for American merchant ships. Although made with a wooden hull, the Constitution earned its nickname as Old Ironsides during this fierce 35-minute battle.

As part of the 200th year celebration of the War of 1812, the USS Constitution left its dock at the former Charlestown Navy Shipyard with 285 passengers and crew. It traveled for 17 minutes under its own power, about 1,100 yards at 3.1 knots, before tugboats took the warship to Fort Independence on Castle Island. There, in front of a large crowd, Old Ironsides fired a 21-gun salute. 

In 1812, the British Empire was deeply involved in its war with France and did not anticipate some of its actions—such as the impressment of American sailors, trade restrictions, and support for Indian raids—would cause its former colonies to turn against the mother country. The War of 1812, however, truly defined the United States of America as its own nation. Despite its name, the War of 1812 lasted two years and eight months, ending with the Treaty of Ghent in February 1815. The USS Constitution and Francis Scott Key's "The Star Spangled Banner" are two of the best-known symbols of the War of 1812.


Genealogists are commemorating the War of 1812 too with the Preserve the Pensions project to digitize the War of 1812 pension files and make them available free of charge. 

10 August 2012

Ancestry.com's new image viewer enhances the 1940 census

With the release of the 1940 U.S. Federal Census, Ancestry.com highlights its new interactive image viewer to subscribers and non-subscribers alike. Since the 1940 index and images are freely accessible at Ancestry.com, everyone can check out how technology really improves how we view old documents. Still in its beta release, the viewer covers the basics—click-and-drag, rotate, flip, contrast, magnify, pan, share, save—and takes a giant leap forward with new features.

How It Works

The 1940 census search page looks much like any other search on Ancestry.com. For this example, I searched for Clarence Almon Torrey, born 1869 in Iowa, died 1962 in Massachusetts. A well-respected genealogist of the Jacobus school, he spent decades creating what would become the seminal New England Marriages Prior to 1700. After clicking his entry on the results page, something special happens. His row on the 1940 census is highlighted in yellow, and his family group (head of household Etta Quilty and lodger Anna Huntley) appears in green.

At the top of the screen it says “1940 United States Federal Census for Clarence A Torrey” (our highlighted name). Below that, “Massachusetts > Suffolk > Boston > 15-605 > Page 24 of 40,” followed by triangles to page up or down. At the top of the census page, you see Torrey is in ward 17, block 17. But if you click on the green tab on the far right, you’ll see more details for the ED number that do not appear on the actual page: “BOSTON CITY WARD 17 (TRACT X-5C - PART), ST. MATTHEW´S CONVENT.” Below that, the overlay adds source information and a blurb about the 1940 census. Although it includes the series number (T627), data on this screen does not include the specific roll number. You need to return to the previous screen for the rest of the citation: “Roll T627_1676; Page 12B; Enumeration District 15-605.”

Index Tab

On the bottom of the screen, click on the green Index tab. Here you’ll find a partial transcription of each row, including line number, house number, street name, surname, given name, relation to head of household, gender, race, age, estimated birth year, marital status, birthplace, residence in 1935 (city, state), live on farm, and citizenship. All of these fields are editable except estimated birth year and 1935 residence. That means you can make changes to the actual index, give a reason (transcription error, incorrect in image, nickname, name change, variation, maiden name), and “explain or source your alternate (optional).”

Since I didn’t find any problems with Torrey’s entry, let’s use my uncle’s family as an example for the 1940 census. Since no correct hits appeared on the results screen, I tried searching by first name and place only, with the addition of parents and siblings to narrow the results. As expected, his uncommon surname was misspelled and I fixed it in the index overlay with a notation that it was a transcription error. (I could read the census taker’s handwriting better than the indexer did because I am very familiar with this specific family.) In the index, his mother’s name was listed as “Lilly.” Perhaps that’s a D and the census taker really wrote “Tildy”? I don’t know, but I used the editing feature to say her name was really Matilda. Later, Ancestry.com will review the alternate data users provide, and if the arbiter agrees, you’ll see both the original and alternate spellings in the index. You’ll also get a nice email from Ancestry.com saying thank you, your changes have been added to the index.

I wish all online genealogy databases had this user-edit feature. Providing alternate information improves the index and helps others with their research. After all, an indexer is transcribing sometimes hard-to-read handwritten records while users, with years of research studying that same family, have extra insight.

Rows and Columns

As you pan to the right of the census page, on the left-hand side appears an overlay of the indexed names for each row. That way you never lose sight of Torrey’s row (still highlighted in yellow) and you have a list of his neighbors.

At the top of the census page, there’s a drop-down overlay for the column headings. Even better, as you select an individual data field in a row, it is outlined in orange and above that, you’ll see a balloon of either the transcribed data or a tip for what type of information should appear in the field. For example, for line number 67, column 7, “Name: Clarence A Torrey” pops up in an orange-outlined balloon. Column 28 is blank, though the balloon tip tells me “Occupation” should be written there. Column 32, “Income,” is blank as well, but “yes” is written under “Other Income” for column 33. If you want to find out more about question 33, pan to the top of the census page and click on that field. Up pops another balloon with the details: “Did this person receive income of $50 or more from sources other than money wages or salary? (Yes or No.)” This feature also works well with the information at the bottom of the census page.

Conclusion

Overall, I am pleased with Ancestry.com’s interactive viewer. If you have volunteered for FamilySearch Indexing projects, you’ll find Ancestry.com’s interactive viewer is somewhat similar to what indexers see while doing data entry. But Ancestry.com’s viewer is the next step; without the indexing, there could be no interactivity.

Learn more from Ancestry.com about the interactive viewer. Since it's still in beta, you can send comments to help improve features in the viewer.


05 August 2012

1940 U.S. census indexed and free to access

On Friday, August 3, two big announcements hit within hours. Ancestry.com and the 1940 U.S. Census Community Project had finished indexing the 1940 U.S. census. 

Putting This Monumental Task in Perspective

On April 2, the National Archives and Record Administration (NARA) first released the digital images at 9 a.m., and within hours the official 1940 census site was overloaded by eager genealogists. Taking some of the pressure off NARA's site, Ancestry.com uploaded the first of the 3.8 million images online, with other companies soon to follow.

Ancestry.com also completed the 134 million everyname indexing project first too, by outsourcing the project to China, Bangladesh, and the Philippines. The Ancestry.com 1940 census images and indexes are free to use, though you need to log on or create an account to view them.

The 1940 U.S. Census Community Project worked together to create an everyname index for NARA, Archives.com, FindMyPast.com, ProQuest, and FamilySearch.org. Using the FamilySearch Indexing model, this project involved more than 160,000 volunteers from around the world. The last batch was submitted on Friday, but it will take a few more weeks for the quality auditing process to be completed. Much of the 1940 census is indexed and available on FamilySearch now—except for few states. Keep checking the sites for new additions. 

Keep the Momentum Going!


The 1940 community project inspired many genealogists to work together on a common goal. But the work is not done. The next big project is indexing the U.S. immigration and naturalization records. Currently, the Boston passenger lists 1820-1891 are only seven percent indexed. We need your help! Volunteer.

19 July 2012

Genealogist's bookshelf: Medical miscellany


Besides reference and how-to genealogy books, history, historical crime, memoir, biography, and even fiction can give you insight into your ancestors’ lives—and possibly open up new avenues of research. 

The Bone Garden by Tess Gerritsen

The discovery of bones in her garden leads Julia to delve into an old murder with the help of an 89-year-old man and a box of documents from the previous inhabitants of Julia’s home. Interspersed with the modern-day story is another mystery set in 1830 Boston, where Norris Marshall struggles to pay for his medical education. This book depicts Boston Medical College and maternity wards. Warning: graphical medical descriptions.

The World Below by Sue Miller

In 1919, Georgia is diagnosed with tuberculosis and sent to a sanitarium. She survives and thrives there, while others waste away. Many decades later, her granddaughter Catherine uncovers Georgia’s diaries of that long-ago time and has to readjust what she knows and what she’s just learned about her grandmother’s life.

Tethered by Amy MacKinnon

This murder-mystery describes the inner workings of the funeral business and an undertaker’s job. Warning: graphic mortuary descriptions.

Shortly before his mother dies, the author discovers she had a mentally and physically disabled sister. Luxenberg takes the reader through his exhaustive research to uncover who his aunt was and why she was committed at age 21 to a psychiatric hospital.



17 July 2012

Death in all its details

Obituaries and death records often provide unexpected details that require further research.
Obituaries often give details about relationships, education, memberships, occupations, and even interests, but some gloss over death itself, with words like “after a lingering illness” or “suddenly.” Sometimes you can tell the cause of death by “in lieu of flowers, donations can be made to” a specific charity, such as a cancer foundation or a local hospice.
In some cases, cause of death is the headline, such as “Charlton Girl Dies of Spinal Meningitis.” Interestingly, when I contacted the cemetery for information on the girl’s family plot, I was given an official burial (or removal) permit that notes the cause of death was acute mastoiditis instead. The nine-year-old girl had been at the hospital for two months.
Fifteen years later, the girl's mother died in Connecticut—according to the removal, transit, and burial permit—of “compound fracture skull, laceration of brain (gunshot wound – suicide).” She was 42 and apparently remarried, though her gravestone shows her first husband’s surname. No obituary was written, but there must be police reports that I haven’t tracked down yet.
Over the last few weeks, I have been indexing death records for the FamilySearch Indexing project. Since cause of death is not needed for indexing, I don’t always look at the physician’s notes. However, a few were memorable.
  • A 23-year-old married man died at the local drive-in theater of a severed spinal cord. How? He died of a gunshot wound.
  • A 27-year-old man died of cancer, after suffering from the disease for seven years. At his young age, he already was a widower.
  • In 1937, two men died in a highway car crash. One died of a punctured lung, though the physician also noted he had “broken legs, etc.” The other died of shock, having broken both arms and legs.
Imagine if these were your relatives. You’d be digging into the newspaper accounts, police inquest reports, and probate records, trying to fill in the blanks. And, oh my, what stories would you find?!

15 July 2012

Genealogy goals: Beyond research

As genealogists, we often have short-term goals (such as find the obituary, gravestone, burial record, will, etc., to provide an end date for an ancestor). But what about long-term goals? Have you considered how to share your years of research with your family?

You can start small, with a genealogy photo book or a collection of family stories. Perhaps you have your great aunt's war-time journal, which you could transcribe and annotate. Or you'd like to write a multi-volume series, covering each of your grandparents' lines. There are plenty of genealogy projects to do.

Tools for Writing

To help you get started, here are a few suggestions for tools to help with writing:


Guide to Genealogical Writing by Penelope Stratton and Henry B. Hoff (NEHGS)


The Writer's Guide to Everyday Life in Colonial America, 1607-1783 by Dale Taylor (and other books in the series)

Writing/Publishing

Check out my writing/publishing series for genealogists:


10 July 2012

Creating a genealogy photo book

Shortly after my father died, I decided to create a photo book. I started with a theme: The story of my parents, from their childhoods to the early days of their marriage—in photos. The hardcover book I chose had 26 pages. I divided the book into five sections: my father’s childhood; my mother’s childhood; their courtship; their wedding and honeymoon; and their early marriage.
Since I had fewer pictures from my father’s side, it was easier to choose which pictures to include. I wanted equal representation and the same number of pages, which meant I had to use Dad’s 8 x 10 yearbook photo with the crease and blotch on it. I hadn’t quite figured out how to use photo-correcting software, so I left the photo as is. I also extended my father’s childhood to his Army years, because that was uniquely his story, though my parents met while my mother was still in high school.
The amount of text varied depending on the layout I chose for each page. Sometimes I had a sentence, a phrase, a year, or no caption at all. It all depended upon whether I was writing about a group of pictures on a page, one picture in a collage, or a single photo. I wasn’t able to get all the genealogical details I wanted, such as my grandparents’ places of birth. But I did include their birth and death dates in parentheses by their full names. And if a photo had a date or an occasion written on the back, I usually included that detail.
My mother created a scrapbook of her courtship and early marriage, so I added some tidbits such as when and where they had their first date, the date they started “going steady,” and when their engagement was announced in the local newspaper. Without that scrapbook, these details would have been lost. I only wish I had asked my parents how they met!
I included names of the wedding party, and how they were related to the bride and groom; the name of the church and the hotel where the reception was held. I listed some of the places my parents went for their honeymoon, though only a few photos exist that I can match to that “motor trip.” I added pictures of their first homes together, with addresses. And the last page had a couple of favorite photos of my sister and me as well as our studio pictures, along with our birthdates.
I spent many hours happily compiling my photo book. The process helped with losing both parents in their 60s—which was much too young. I learned a lot by creating a photo timeline of their lives. And best of all, I printed two copies, one for myself and one for my sister, so we could share the family photos in a memorable way.
There are numerous photo book printing sites on the web, such as Shutterfly, MyCanvas, and Blurb. Check out comparisons of the best sites at Top 10 Reviews.