tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8981697976042798462024-02-19T08:24:44.899-05:00Genealogy InkGenealogy Ink features articles, tips, links, and suggestions for New England and world-wide family history enthusiasts.Robin Mhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10358128512500496153noreply@blogger.comBlogger155125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-898169797604279846.post-73088566501265721922024-02-06T20:46:00.002-05:002024-02-12T09:20:54.338-05:00Book review: Evolution of Religions<p><i></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://bookshop.org/a/78141/9780231216517" rel="nofollow" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="The Evolution of Religions [book cover]" border="0" data-original-height="360" data-original-width="255" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsVRgMBt4ApN95i7wFGcI0I0rNpu7SfL59ji33EY3BMREmKQUXjVgrilPsLN1Cx5lDwangWhdH-koMziK7VCVBANwU_F5e-bBKORUbBKHLGCar8G0TqyB3-PVfsIhlw9K7IKNeQG0cVUmDVqvTYLhPb_dyJ3oCqQ7as8ns_zPg7MR3jZZBOTS1-6JAvk7P/w227-h320/Evolution_of_Religions_299211-medium.png" title="The Evolution of Religions by Lance Grande" width="227" /></a></i></div><i>Think your family genealogy is complex? Imagine creating a family tree of organized religions! </i><div><br /><a href="https://bookshop.org/a/78141/9780231216517" rel="nofollow" style="font-style: italic;" target="_blank">Evolution of Religions: A History of Related Traditions</a> by
Lance Grande (New York: Columbia University Press, 2023)<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Comparative religion books are often written by religious
scholars or historians. But this one has a twist: It’s written by a scientist—an
evolutionary biologist and systematist to be exact. There’s beauty in having a
scientist write such a book. Lance Grande remains neutral, or agnostic if you
will, to the different religions. His purpose is to analyze how organized
religions came into being, how they change and evolve over time, and how they create
new groups and subgroups—or become extinct.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Organized religions developed from early supernaturalism into Asian cyclicism, Old World polytheism, linear monotheism, traditional and reformation Christianity, gnosticism and Biblical demiurgism, and Islam. Grande
focuses on each group’s origin and development, doctrines,
rituals/practices, and supernatural beings/deities from prehistoric times to
today. </p><p class="MsoNormal">From that evolutionary perspective, Grande discovers the history of related traditions (as in the title). He shows how, for example, the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam) are historically and ideologically intertwined, but also how they diversified—by using historical and scriptural records. The amazingly detailed charts help us visualize the relationships between religions and the subgroups that grew out of them, while the sidebars, images, and glossary provide additional context.</p><p class="MsoNormal">It’s an imperfect science due to changing archaeological
interpretations and new discoveries, variables in oral traditions and written transcriptions, and
the physical destruction or recovery of scriptures. That's why Grande created the framework and then invites others to fill in the missing pieces and build upon his work.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i>Evolution of Religions</i> is a big book, but it’s
written in such a methodical way that you’ll understand the broad concepts
behind many organized religions around the world. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Prerelease book provided for review consideration.<o:p></o:p></p></div>Robin Mhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10358128512500496153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-898169797604279846.post-70142406865615633722023-08-30T18:25:00.003-04:002023-08-30T18:27:59.940-04:00Book review: Crime and Punishment in Tudor England: From Alchemists to Zealots<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://bookshop.org/a/78141/9781399071666" rel="nofollow" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="379" data-original-width="255" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkm40DSeml_su2ojaiF18Xvha0kBkNJqQj8vYI12v_hbAyO0-Wokq536NUf_UKur83bIcG6RB8UJSe7NAlq_LzJbtLoloGr8-MDi-gPtU7qiRtNpLiiM6ZUjZUYtEIGsiPXZ3CgqHczQuthjovd8K2UmsE1m2Uy0mCVOJygy824ldNlBuAWb3Rds4XSq6P/w214-h320/crime-punish-cover296858-medium.png" width="214" /></a></div>Although witches, or the fear of them, date to Biblical
times, it wasn’t until 1542 that the first English statute on witchcraft was
enacted by King Henry VIII (1491-1547). His son Edward VI (1537-1553) repealed
it, but then Elizabeth I (1533-1603) put her own 1563 statute on the books. She
divided witchcraft into greater and lesser crimes. Invoking evil spirits or
killing someone through sorcery was punishable by death, while injuring people
or property meant a year of imprisonment and time in the pillory. Second acts
meant death. However, it was during the Stuart dynasty when witchcraft
accusations ran rampant, since King James I (1566-1625) not only added his own
statutes, he wrote a book on the subject.<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">English laws and the penalties for breaking them were harsh.
While the Tudor era ended before the Winthrop fleet arrived on the shores of
Massachusetts Bay Colony, some of the crueler penalties were not abolished
until the 19th century. Fortunately, the Puritan colonists created the first 100
rules of <a href="https://genealogyink.blogspot.com/2013/10/the-salem-witch-trials-and-body-of.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">1641's Body of Liberties</a> based on the Bible—and used more humane treatment compared to what they left behind in England. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In 1692 Salem, Massachusetts, however, when <a href="https://www.witchesmassbay.com/2021/06/15/creating-a-spectacle-at-proctors-ledge/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Giles Corey</a> refused to enter a
plea in court, he was pressed to death for it. This gruesome punishment, also
known as <i>Peine forte et dure</i>, was only used once stateside. But it was not
abolished in England until 1772. In fact, in English courts the accused was not given the option
of pleading “not guilty” until 1827.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Other examples include a thief who steals bread
could get a hand cut off, while a vagrant could get branded with the letter V.
Some punishments were designed for maximum humiliation, with the crowds
throwing rotten foodstuff at convicts in the cart or at the pillory. That was
tame compared to being drawn and quartered, then hanged—again, with crowd
participation.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">If you’re looking for more details on <a href="https://bookshop.org/a/78141/9781399071666" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Crime and Punishment in Tudor England</a>, pick up the new book by April Taylor. The author provides
background information on lawmaking, prisons, and courts systems—and 23 pages
of punishments, from beheading to whipping. In the second half of the book,
crimes from sumptuary laws to treason are covered in alphabetical order, each
followed by case studies. You’ll learn what evidence could be used
against the accused, what tortures could be applied to gain a confession, and
even the strategies used for the criminal’s demise. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Taylor turns crime and punishment in the Tudor period into a
fascinating read, while the alpha-order format makes it easy to browse through
or do research.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Prerelease book provided by NetGalley and Pen & Sword History for review consideration.</p>Robin Mhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10358128512500496153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-898169797604279846.post-91482046336632064282023-04-30T19:31:00.005-04:002023-07-08T10:49:33.392-04:00Understanding Rose's story by reading a book<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #181818;"><span style="background-color: white;">Recently, I've been doing research on a friends's family. His grandmother Rose was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) in her early 40s, around the time when her only child was graduating from high school. The disease went into remission for a short while but by the time Rose was in her late 50s, her husband no longer could provide the specialized care she needed. Rose moved into the local nursing home, where her husband visited her every day. </span></span><span style="color: #181818;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #181818;"><span style="background-color: white;">Whenever her out-of-state grandsons visited, Rose always reminded them that she once was a registered nurse. </span></span><span style="color: #181818;"><span style="background-color: white;">Clearly, her status as an RN meant a lot to her, especially since the boys only saw her disabled body lying in a hospital bed in a depressing nursing home. Unlike some of her peers, Rose graduated from high school and was accepted as a nursing student at a hospital 30 miles away. It was one of the few careers open to women at the time. The hospital, like many others, expected much of their female students. Besides studying, for three years the nursing students worked at the hospital before graduating. Six months later, the trained nurses had to pass a board-certified examination in order to become a Registered Nurse. </span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #181818;">Of the 102 nursing students, Rose was one of 33 who received an honor seal on her RN certificate for having an average grade of 90 percent or more in all subjects. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Rose had fallen in love with her future husband long before she became a nurse. I know because I have a box of letters that she she wrote to her hometown beau during the entire time she lived in the hospital students' dormitory 30 miles away. Yet Rose put off marriage and having children to follow her dream of being a nurse. After all, one of the hospital rules (and other institutions like it) was that anyone who marries while in training was expelled from the nursing program. One year after she was officially an RN, Rose married.<br /></span></p><p></p><span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a name='more'></a></span></span><p><span style="font-family: inherit;">To learn more about Rose's devastating illness, I read a book on MS by Dr. Stephen L. Hauser. It was helpful in understanding the progress of her disease. </span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR6zn-fgeI1htX8N9uGE1F4uaCNoDMH5qXb0cqhnDlMtT16sKjNHgb1vu5AYihuNycESQ4RSwII5e_lRM7Q36NAVBXTm24zTWATX3k80784mLx1mLzuwJx8lxJW3sVpzHkPv5XfBjYzkofNtAF-Ywi9UFEdmjFY2sXVYXrm3Er6eB2Eiyvo6sQRcbEEw/s500/1250283892.01._SCLZZZZZZZ_SX500_.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="326" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR6zn-fgeI1htX8N9uGE1F4uaCNoDMH5qXb0cqhnDlMtT16sKjNHgb1vu5AYihuNycESQ4RSwII5e_lRM7Q36NAVBXTm24zTWATX3k80784mLx1mLzuwJx8lxJW3sVpzHkPv5XfBjYzkofNtAF-Ywi9UFEdmjFY2sXVYXrm3Er6eB2Eiyvo6sQRcbEEw/w210-h320/1250283892.01._SCLZZZZZZZ_SX500_.jpg" width="210" /></span></a></div><p></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit;">Part medical mystery, part autobiography, <a href="https://bookshop.org/a/78141/9781250283894" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The Face Laughs While the Brain Cries</a> is the story of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the physician-scientist determined to cure it. Even if you have no background in the sciences or a connection to the disease, this book is a compelling, engaging read. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit;">From his childhood memories to career highlights, Dr. Hauser explains how he became interested in MS, the highs and lows of his research, and how complicated it is to bring new drugs to market. He takes us from patients’ bedsides to his laboratory, following clues of how MS affects the body and brain. Besides his medical investigations, Hauser also explores the issues of animal research, blind studies, and even the politics of which diseases and studies receive funding. Throughout, this book expresses Dr. Hauser’s compassion and dedication, the gold standard of medicine.</span></p><p><i><span style="font-family: inherit;">Prerelease book provided by NetGalley and St. Martin’s Press for review consideration.</span></i></p><div><br /></div><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #181818; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia, serif; font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="color: #181818; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></span></p><div class="big450BoxBody" style="background-color: white; background-repeat: repeat-y; color: #181818; font-family: Lato, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><div class="big450BoxContent" style="overflow: hidden; width: 430px;"><div id="review-like" style="float: right; margin-top: 8px; text-align: right;"></div><div id="review-follow" style="margin-top: 8px;"></div></div></div>Robin Mhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10358128512500496153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-898169797604279846.post-60624396952116295592023-03-24T14:03:00.002-04:002023-03-24T14:04:56.404-04:00Book review: The Shortest History of Europe<div><div>Unless you're just collecting names and dates, your genealogy research becomes richer the more you know about history, religion, and culture. Putting your ancestors in context not only helps you understand their lives within their own times, but gives you better direction on what to look for in sources and what to research next. </div><div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQkkZJSTtFcwecj-y5qXzJIEMeK-CZ1_00bAi-9zpeeYZKQBPbuQrdoIy-ngUB8u0iCg3_p7orHIIk5BM1CGxoHc9vDKeuaH2WTJdgxOQfYqANRP3HzaPW0KzM1mZLp4LGhaaZ8BSnIdAfhPD-Ilx6fyg8Mla3S8PP3trCtXIDJ2XySxhRrw017eqRCw/s385/cover260750-medium.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="385" data-original-width="255" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQkkZJSTtFcwecj-y5qXzJIEMeK-CZ1_00bAi-9zpeeYZKQBPbuQrdoIy-ngUB8u0iCg3_p7orHIIk5BM1CGxoHc9vDKeuaH2WTJdgxOQfYqANRP3HzaPW0KzM1mZLp4LGhaaZ8BSnIdAfhPD-Ilx6fyg8Mla3S8PP3trCtXIDJ2XySxhRrw017eqRCw/w212-h320/cover260750-medium.png" width="212" /></a></div><br />If you need a refresher, check out <a href="https://theexperimentpublishing.com/the-shortest-history-series/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The Shortest History series</a> published by The Experiment LLC. Current books in the series include Europe, England, Germany, Israel and Palestine, India, China, and Greece, with more in the works. Promoted as <span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“</span>Thousands of years of history. One riveting, fast-paced read,<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">”</span> the series is written by expert historians who are also international bestselling authors.</div><div><br /></div><div>The title says it all: <a href="https://bookshop.org/a/78141/9781615199143" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The Shortest History of Europe: How Conquest, Culture, and Religion Forged a Continent—A Retelling of Our Times</a>. This is not a sprawling narrative filled with name-dropping and stringent timelines. Instead, John Hirst<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">’</span>s narrative explores how Greek and Roman learning, Christianity, and German warrior culture created modern Europe. </div><div><br /></div><div>At first, it<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">’</span>s hard to absorb how only three elements determined the course of European history. But Hirst shows how all the monumental events happened because of conquest, culture, and religion. </div><div><br /></div><div>For example, the Catholic Church banished or executed great thinkers like Copernicus and Galileo because their interpretations of how the universe worked contradicted the Greco-Roman view. Martin Luther and his followers wanted to return Christianity to its basic form—the Bible—without the Greco-Roman trappings and started the Reformation. Many years later, Isaac Newton and Einstein explained their scientific discoveries by following the Greek theory that answers would be <span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“</span>simple, mathematical, and logical.<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">”</span></div><div><br /></div><div>Throughout the book and its many revolutions, Hirst synthesizes European history in a way that went beyond my college classes, yet is simple and accessible. </div><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><div> </div></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div>Robin Mhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10358128512500496153noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-898169797604279846.post-5985810129203919652022-09-10T17:55:00.003-04:002022-09-10T18:08:45.859-04:00Smallpox in Massachusetts Bay 1689-1692<p>While researching an article for my <a href="https://www.witchesmassbay.com/" target="_blank">Witches of Massachusetts Bay</a> website, I wanted to find out if Martha (Allen) Carrier brought <span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“</span>that contagious disease, the smallpox<span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">”</span> with her when she moved from Billerica to Andover in the summer or early fall of 1690. </p><p>Like my <a href="https://genealogyink.blogspot.com/2019/09/smallpox-reported-in-massachusetts-bay.html" target="_blank">previous smallpox post</a>, the data is limited by who recorded the deaths in each town and whether they included a cause of death. After the 1678–1679 outbreak, the period from 1689 to 1692 had 55 cases. The earliest death was Dr. John Smith in Charlestown on 21 October 1689 and the last was Thomas Rand who died on 17 June 1691, also in Charlestown. Of all the recorded smallpox deaths, Charlestown had the most prolonged time period between the first and last smallpox deaths and the largest recorded deaths (34). The remaining smallpox deaths were in Andover (10), Haverhill (7), Billerica (3), and Salem (1). Clearly, the Charlestown town recorder was more diligent than the Salem one, since we would expect a busy seaport such as Salem to have more cases.</p><p>The records did not supply a timeframe for when the virus raged in each community or how many had the disease and survived. However, we do know from the selectmen's records that by mid-October 1690, Martha Carrier and some of her children had smallpox, and all recovered. But, all of the people who died of the disease in Andover were related to Martha, including her father, two brothers, and two nephews.</p><p>The Andover selectmen blamed Martha Carrier for bringing the contagion to Andover. The records show that the first smallpox death recorded in Andover was on 24 October 1690, while the first one listed in Billerica occurred two months later, on 24 December 1690. This suggests—but does not prove—that the disease hit Andover first, and Billerica later.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhowZbSiMzuCgrgWzxi1Jv2zepVu4Vq4PwHRexJ-7mQRrwRa4DlXmi_2ImlNpIVehy6EO7-00AQTN2YIIFm3z2M3Cz7hO9oLc2l1G2QWBJwSPfDFmrxqtWM19h2FRTkd_BRzaEqpKmVxBADOVLf-rRRUnjCOtr0HqomYKpaQbeybsDbm2OiKcJw03iT3A/s494/recorded-smallpox-deaths-1690-1691.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="306" data-original-width="494" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhowZbSiMzuCgrgWzxi1Jv2zepVu4Vq4PwHRexJ-7mQRrwRa4DlXmi_2ImlNpIVehy6EO7-00AQTN2YIIFm3z2M3Cz7hO9oLc2l1G2QWBJwSPfDFmrxqtWM19h2FRTkd_BRzaEqpKmVxBADOVLf-rRRUnjCOtr0HqomYKpaQbeybsDbm2OiKcJw03iT3A/w505-h312/recorded-smallpox-deaths-1690-1691.JPG" width="505" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b>Andover</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Andrew Allen jr., small pox. 24 Oct 1690</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Andrew Allen Sr., small pox 26 Nov 1690</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">John Allen, small pox, Nov. 26, 1690.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Francis Ingalls, s. Henry and Mary, small pox, Dec. 9, 1690.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">James Holt, "father of James," small pox, Dec. 14, 1690.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">James Holt, s. James and Hannah, small pox, Dec. 13, 1690.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Mercy Allen, w. John, small pox, Dec. 25, 1690.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Sarah Marks, w. Roger, small pox, Dec. 22, 1690.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Thomas Allen, s. Andrew and Elisabeth, small pox, Dec. 18, 1690.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Stephen Osgood, smallpox, Jan. 15, 1690-1.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Billerica</b></div><div><br /></div><div><div>Daniel Shed, small pox, Dec. 24, 1690, a. abt. 41. [Dan[ie]ll Jr., M.R.]</div><div>Dorothy Shed [dup. Dorithy], d. Daniel Jr. [dup. omits Jr.] and Ruth, small pox, Dec. 23, 1690.</div><div>John Dunkin Sr. [h. Johannah], small pox, Dec. 19, [16]90.</div></div><div><br /></div><div><b>Charlestown</b></div><div><br /></div><div><div>Dr. John Smith, smallpox, d. Oct. 21, 1689.</div><div>Abigail Kettle, wife of Jonathan Kettle, (smallpox), d. Jan. 25, 1690.</div><div>John Damman, about 40, (smallpox), d. Jan. 20, 1690.</div><div>John Hett, son of Tho. & Dorothy Hett, (smallpox), d. Jan. 8, 1690.</div><div>Susanna Codman, dau. of Stephen & Elizabeth Codman, (smallpox), d. Jan. 8, 1690.</div><div>James Miller, son of James Miller, the Scotchman, smallpox, d. July 14, 1690.</div><div>John Hale, about 26, (smallpox), d. Sept. [Dec, Co. Rec. 4:182] 30, 1690.</div><div>Mary Cutler, dau. of Timothy & Elizabeth Cutler, smallpox, d. Sept. 12, 1690.</div><div>Sarah Cutler, dau. of Timothy & Elizabeth Cutler, smallpox, d. Sept. 5, 1690.</div><div>Henry Bowers, son of Benanuel Bowers, about 25, (smallpox), d. Oct. 16, 1690.</div><div>Mary Hill, dau. of Samuel & Elizabeth Hill, smallpox, d. Oct. 4, 1690.</div><div>Sarah Shoorin, wife of Thomas Shoorin, (smallpox), d. Oct. 17, 1690.</div><div>William Wilson, son of Paul Wilson, (smallpox) Oct. 4, 1690.</div><div>John Hurry, son of Wm. & Hannah Hurry, smallpox, d. Nov. 22, 1690.</div><div>Elizabeth Het, dau. of Tho. & Dorothy Het, (smallpox), d. Dec. 14, 1690.</div><div>Henry Davis, a sojourner at Jno. Chamberlin's [a stranger, Co. Rec. 4:183], (smallpox), d. Dec. 20, 1690.</div><div>John Chamberlain, (smallpox), d. Dec. 22, 1690</div><div>John Ryal, son of Joseph & Mary Ryal, 11, (smallpox), d. Dec. 21, 1690.</div><div>Joseph Hopkins, about 32, smallpox, d. Dec. 27, 1690.</div><div>Alice Dam, servant to Capt. Joseph Lynde, smallpox, d. Feb. 18, 1690/1.</div><div>Hephzibah Codman, dau. of Stephen & Elizabeth Codman, (smallpox), d. Feb. 22, 1690 [1690/1, Pro. 1].</div><div>Sarah Mirick, wife of Benjamin Mirick, smallpox, d. Feb. 14, 1690/1.</div><div>Abigail Orton/Horton, wife of Ebenezer Orton, (smallpox), d. Mar. 27, 1691.</div><div>Edward Paine, brickmaker, (smallpox), d. Mar. 13, 1690/1.</div><div>John Kettle, about 30, smallpox, d. Mar. 17 [18, Pro. 2], 1690/1.</div><div>Thankfull Austin, wife of Ebenezer Austin, (smallpox), d. Mar. 4, 1690 [1690/1, Pro. 1].</div><div>[blank] of Jno. Smith, (smallpox), d. Apr. 29, 1691</div><div>George Luke, son of George & Hannah Luke [smallpox, Pro. 1], d. Apr. 11, 1691 [altered from 1690].</div><div>Samll. Carter, smallpox, d. Apr. 1, 1691.</div><div>[blank] of Jno. Smith, (smallpox), d. May 11, 1691.</div><div>Anna Ballat, wife of Mr. Samll. Ballat, smallpox, d. May 14, 1691.</div><div>Mary Smith, wife of Jno. Smith, (smallpox), d. May 22, 1691,</div><div>Thomas Rand, son of Nathaniel & Abigail Rand, (smallpox), d. June 17, 1691.</div><div>John Smith, ship carpenter, (smallpox), d. 1691.</div></div><div><br /></div><div><b>Haverhill</b></div><div><br /></div><div><div>Tho[mas] Mash, s. Onisophorus, of Canada, pox, Nov. 21, 1690.</div><div>Abraham Hendrick, s. Daniel and Mary (Stockbridge), smallpox, Dec. 1, 1690.</div><div>Jonah Sterling, s. William and Mary, small pox, Dec. 21, 1690.</div><div>Jonathan Davis, s. Ephraim and Mary (Johnson), small pox, Dec. 7, 1690.</div><div>Ruth Hartshorne, w. John, small pox, Dec. 12, 1690</div><div>Mary Ford, w. Robert, small pox, Jan. 27, 1690-91.</div><div>Mary Ford, d. Robert and Mary (Kent), small pox, Feb. 3, 1690-91.</div></div><div><br /></div><div><b>Salem</b></div><div><br /></div><div><div>Jacob Phillips, small pox, Sept. 19, 1690. C. R. 2.</div></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div></div>*Data only included information from <i>Massachusetts Vital Records 1620–1850 </i>database at<i> </i><a href="http://AmericanAncestors.org">AmericanAncestors.org</a>, which does not include records for every town. <i>Boston Births, Baptisms, Marriages, and Deaths 1630–1699</i> were searched separately, though the keywords “smallpox,” “small pox,” and “pox” were not found. <br /><p><b><i><br /></i></b></p><p><b><i>See also</i></b>: </p><div><a href="https://genealogyink.blogspot.com/2019/09/smallpox-reported-in-massachusetts-bay.html" target="_blank">Smallpox reported in Massachusetts Bay 1676-1688</a> (GenealogyInk)</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.witchesmassbay.com/2022/09/08/a-pox-on-martha-carrier/" target="_blank">A pox on Martha Carrier</a> (WitchesMassBay)</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-898169797604279846.post-68132509108488351602022-07-18T18:12:00.001-04:002022-09-10T16:33:34.491-04:00Book Review: Aunt Edwina's Fabulous Wishes by Lynne Christensen<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMe4vRUOLk86v2rtwcaQnnO23yAMAZ3DRlpWFGfMuC8ekj5SMHMiGMdjHqCorpDZIVHLcGWJmCdWSnMtUrzzgbPf24CCFjUGZCq00X4FU6nl5jIJHpLXZoqffM_AyDpqQta5baN9RnR89YZIFDxM5cq8fcSRYAAWsZADnArMisO09CWgNOOdDpKW4J5g/s475/Aunt%20Edwina%20Cover.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="475" data-original-width="317" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMe4vRUOLk86v2rtwcaQnnO23yAMAZ3DRlpWFGfMuC8ekj5SMHMiGMdjHqCorpDZIVHLcGWJmCdWSnMtUrzzgbPf24CCFjUGZCq00X4FU6nl5jIJHpLXZoqffM_AyDpqQta5baN9RnR89YZIFDxM5cq8fcSRYAAWsZADnArMisO09CWgNOOdDpKW4J5g/w214-h320/Aunt%20Edwina%20Cover.jpg" width="214" /></a></div>Located in a fancy spa town in England, Fizzleywick Hotel is a grand place for the wedding of your imagination. That's right, Canadian author Lynne Christensen has set her family history novel in Plumsden and Brambleford and other quaint towns in Kent that you won't find on the map. After all, it's more about the adventure than the destination. You shouldn't be seeking the help of Amelia Georges of the Pixleton Family History Society anyway; just know that volunteers and staff in real places will provide you with resources to uncover genealogical clues—but it's your job to do the work. So call ahead to make reservations and don't be daunted by unexpected events, untimely closures, and not finding everything you need in one place. <p></p><p>Thanks to Aunt Edwina, Julie and her cousin Gertie embark on a family history treasure hunt. They need to find scattered clues left behind in family papers, paintings, and even the landscape itself. With the help of friends in high and low places, the two women find secret stashes hidden in everyday objects and within people's memories. The people they meet, from a pawn shop owner to aristocrats turned B&B hosts, all help them solve the puzzles. </p><p>From charming characters to precise descriptions of imaginary locations, this book is an entertaining but smart read. Did you ever think about attending an antiques market to learn where an old key fits? Or taking the time to meet with the locals who have all sorts of stories to tell? In the end, Julie and Gertie are successful, but like all family trees, there's always more to discover. That's why <i>Aunt Edwina's Fabulous Wishes</i> is book 1 of a series. </p><p><br /></p><p>(received free book to review)</p><p><br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-898169797604279846.post-13433298758446500632020-01-16T20:28:00.000-05:002020-03-15T19:07:21.253-04:00Before the court: Massachusetts Bay records<b>Records of the Court of Assistants of the Colony of the Massachusetts Bay, 1630-1692</b><br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/recordsofcourtof02massuoft" target="_blank">1630 to 1641</a>: Records, so far as recovered or reproduced from State Archives<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/recordscourtass00crongoog" target="_blank">1641 to 1644</a><br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/recordsofcourtof03mass/" target="_blank">1642 to 1673</a> Restored fragments of records<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/recordscourtass01crongoog/" target="_blank">1673 to 1692</a> (missing Intercharter period, part 1686-part 1689)<br />
<br />
<a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044086352523" target="_blank">Criminal trials in the Court of Assistants and Superior Court of Judicature, 1630-1700</a> by John Noble (1897)<br />
<br />
<a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015005146066" target="_blank">Abstract and index of the records of the Inferior court of pleas, Suffolk County Court, Held at Boston, 1680-1698</a><br />
<br />
<b>Records and Files of the Quarterly Courts of Essex County, Massachusetts</b><br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/stream/recordsandfiles00massgoog#page" target="_blank">Vol. I 1636-1656</a><br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/recordsfilesofqu02esse/" target="_blank">Vol. II 1656-1662</a><br />
<a href="https://archive.org/stream/recordsfilesofqu03esse#page/" target="_blank">Vol. III 1662-1667</a><br />
<a href="https://archive.org/stream/recordsandfiles02dowgoog#page" target="_blank">Vol. IV 1667-1671</a><br />
<a href="https://archive.org/stream/recordsfilesofqu05esse#page/" target="_blank">Vol. V 1672-1674</a><br />
<a href="https://archive.org/stream/recordsfilesofqu06esse#page/" target="_blank">Vol. VI 1675-1678</a><br />
<a href="https://archive.org/stream/recordsfilesofqu07esse#page/" target="_blank">Vol. VII 1678-1680</a><br />
<a href="https://archive.org/stream/recordsandfiles01dowgoog#page/" target="_blank">Vol. VIII 1680-1683</a><br />
<a href="http://salem.lib.virginia.edu/Essex/vol9/table/index.html" target="_blank">Vol. IX 1683-1686</a><br />
<br />
<b>Records of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England</b><br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/recordsofgoverno01mass" target="_blank">v. 1. 1628-1641</a><br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924091024582/" target="_blank">v. 2. 1642-1649</a><br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/recordsofgoverno03mass/" target="_blank">v. 3. 1644-1657</a><br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/recordsofgoverno41mass/" target="_blank">v. 4, pt. 1. 1650-1660</a><br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/recordsofgoverno42mass/" target="_blank">v. 4, pt. 2. 1661-1674</a><br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/recordsofgoverno05mass/" target="_blank">v. 5. 1674-1686</a><br />
<br />
<b>Massachusetts State Archives collection, colonial period, 1622-1788</b><br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C9YP-P9M6-G?mode=g&cat=1055547" target="_blank">v. 135 Witchcraft, 1656-1759</a><br />
<br />
<b>FamilySearch record images</b> (click on camera icon on right to view digital records)<br />
<br />
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<a href="https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/results?count=20&query=%2Bsubject_id%3A451484" target="_blank">Massachusetts judicial records</a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://www.familysearch.org/records/images/search-results?place=395425" target="_blank">Essex county, Massachusetts Bay records</a> <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/240378?availability=Family%20History%20Library" target="_blank">Suffolk County (Mass.) court files, 1629-1797</a></div>
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-898169797604279846.post-14152541685840526192019-10-27T16:23:00.000-04:002019-10-27T16:24:10.377-04:00Reconstructing Rev. George Burroughs’ Genealogy<div class="MsoNormal">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk3A3pasV2bQcdol8ZQKKt3027BSCIL_t0ldNsvUOPNPPYI72eLX_7ATnm8ed8oTUndmAILVnfGb5sHXHE_v3mHc9q_BMsz9oNXMQh5neRUz9T1bFtsMpanrYGVRbL5_bew4SOGoZO0KDc/s1600/burroughs_george_attainder_witchcraft_1692.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="459" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk3A3pasV2bQcdol8ZQKKt3027BSCIL_t0ldNsvUOPNPPYI72eLX_7ATnm8ed8oTUndmAILVnfGb5sHXHE_v3mHc9q_BMsz9oNXMQh5neRUz9T1bFtsMpanrYGVRbL5_bew4SOGoZO0KDc/s320/burroughs_george_attainder_witchcraft_1692.jpg" width="209" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1711 Attainder for George Burroughs & Others</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b>Rev. George Burroughs</b> left his Salem Village post in 1683,
preferring life in the Maine wilds with occasional Indian attacks than dealing
with the animosity brewing in Salem, Massachusetts. In 1692 he returned to Salem in chains on
trumped up charges of being “in confederacy with the Devil.” </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">At age 42, Burroughs stood before his former congregation and many other spectators at Proctor’s
Ledge with a noose around his neck. He proclaimed his innocence on the charges of witchcraft, then perfectly
recited the “Lord’s Prayer.” A sense of unease apparently swept through the crowd afterwards but <a href="https://genealogyink.blogspot.com/2017/08/cotton-mather-and-six-degrees-of.html" target="_blank">Rev. Cotton Mather, sitting on horseback, declared it was a “righteous sentence.”</a> Burroughs and four other <a href="http://genealogyink.blogspot.com/2011/10/genealogies-of-victims-of-1692-witch.html" target="_blank">victims of the Salem witch trials</a> were hanged on 19 August 1692. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Incorporating Corrections to the Burroughs Tree</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Over the last 65 years, various researchers have discovered new details about George Burroughs’ family and printed corrections,
most notably in articles published in <i>The
American Genealogist</i>. Yet we still see the same misinformation being
repeated online and in print. I’ve compiled all that data so George can be properly placed with his parents, wives, and children.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Burrough of Wickhambrook</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Born about 1650, George was the son of <b>Nathaniel Burrough</b> and
his wife <b>Rebecca Stiles</b>. Nathaniel was a merchant/mariner, son of Rev. George
Burrough (1579-1653), rector of Pettaugh and Gosbeck in Suffolk, England, and a member
of the Burrough family of Wickhambrook. During his son’s childhood, records
document Nathaniel’s travels between Maryland and Massachusetts Bay. Records also show in 1657 Rebecca joined the church in Roxbury, Massachusetts, and was dismissed in 1674 to return to
England. Rebecca (Stiles) Burrough was buried 26 March 1679 in Stepney,
Middlesex, England. Nathaniel was buried there 6 March 1682. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">*In England, the surname most often was spelled Burrough without the S, but there were a dozen variations.</span></div>
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<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Marriage No. 1 </span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The ill-fated minister George Burroughs
graduated from Harvard College in 1670. About 1673, he married <b>Hannah
Fisher</b>, born 19 January 1652/3 in Dedham, Massachusetts, to Lieut. Joshua
Fisher (1621-1672) and his first wife, Mary Aldis (d. 1653). </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">George and Hannah had:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">1. <b>Rebecca Burroughs</b>, baptized 12 April 1674 in Roxbury; died 27 January 1741/2, buried at Granary Burying Ground in Boston; married first, 1 December 1698 in Charlestown, Isaac Fowle; married second, 18 October 1716 in Boston, Ebenezer Tolman.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">2. <b>George Burroughs</b>, baptized 25 November 1675 in Roxbury; died young.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">3. <b>Hannah Burroughs</b>, born 27 April 1680 in Salisbury; died 5 August 1746 in Woburn, buried at First Burial Ground, Woburn; married 8 March 1705 in Boston, Jabez Fox (1684-1736).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">4. <b>Elizabeth Burroughs</b>, born in 1681, baptized 4 June 1682 in Salem; died 1719, buried at Granary Burying Ground in Boston; married 2 November 1704 in Boston to Peter Thomas.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Hannah (Fisher) Burroughs died in September 1681, possibly
shortly after her fourth child was born. Her ghost appeared in the Salem witch trials records.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Marriage No. 2</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">About 1683, George married <b>Sarah Ruck</b>, born 12 August 1656
in Salem, died about 1689/90, daughter of John Ruck (1627-1697) and his first
wife Hannah Spooner (d. 29 January 1660/1) of Salem. Sarah was the widow of Capt. William Hathorne (1646-1678), son of Major William Hathorne (1606?-1681) and wife Ann of Salem. She had two Hathorne children who died in their minority. The proof of this earlier marriage is in a 1728 deed where her son Charles Burroughs, as his mother's heir, sells Capt. Hathorne's lands in Groton, Mass. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Her ghost also appeared in the Salem witch trials records.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">On 6 June 1693, John Ruck became guardian of George
and Sarah’s four orphans (but not 1<sup>st</sup> wife Hannah’s children), and
in the same month, Ruck had three of them baptized. In his 1697
will, he bequeathed land to his four Burroughs grandchildren:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">5. <b>Charles Burroughs</b>, born about 1684, baptized June 1693 in Salem; married first, 3 October 1706 in Salem, Elizabeth Marston (d. 1711); married second, 11 March 1711 in Marlborough, Rebecca Townsend of Charlestown. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">6. <b>George Burroughs</b>, baptized April 1691 in Salem; published marriage intention 27 February 1713/4 in Ipswich to Sarah Scales.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">7. <b>Jeremiah Burroughs</b>, baptized June 1693; died unmarried March 1752 in Ipswich. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">8. <b>Josiah Burroughs</b>, baptized June 1693; died after 1701 when he chose Samuel Ruck as guardian and before 1712 restitution.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Marriage No. 3</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">About 1690, George married his third wife, <b>Mary —</b>, probably
in Maine. They had one child:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> 9. </span><!--[endif]--><b>Mary Burroughs</b>, born about 1690-1692 in Maine,
baptized 1 May 1698 in Cambridge, Massachusetts; married Joseph Tiffany probably years before they were
warned out of Norton in 1734. She was admitted to the church in Attleborough in
1736.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">In her mid-20s when her husband George was hanged, Mary (—) Burroughs married second, 13 July 1693 in Boston, Michael Homer</span>—just <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">months after his first
wife Hannah (Dowse) died. In October 1694, Michael was taken to
court for spousal abuse before disappearing from the records. In January
1697/8, Mary Homer was admitted a member of the
Cambridge church and a few months later had her two daughters, Mary Burroughs
and Hannah Homer, baptized. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">On 5 February 1699/1700, Mary (—) (Burroughs)
Homer married in Cambridge to Christopher Hall Jr. (d. 1711). They had two
children, Caleb (1700-1791) and Joshua Hall (1702-), born in Attleborough.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Sources for Burroughs’
Parents<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">“Nathaniel Burrough of Maryland, Massachusetts, and England”
by George Ely Russell, <i>The American
Genealogist</i>, Vol. 60, pp. 140-142, 1972. (TAG back issues are available to members at <a href="https://www.americanancestors.org/index.aspx" target="_blank">AmericanAncestors.org</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><i>Genealogical Gleanings in England</i> by Henry F. Waters, <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Genealogical_Gleanings_in_England.html?id=CaNCAAAAYAAJ" target="_blank">Vol.1</a>, <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Genealogical_Gleanings_in_England.html?id=caGKnZ6GsR0C" target="_blank">Vol. 2</a>. 1:515f, 1:737, 2:1308f<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1473016" target="_blank">England Deaths and Burials 1538-1991</a>, FamilySearch.org.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Sources for Burroughs’
Wives & Children<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">“Homer-Stevens Notes, Boston” by Winifred Lovering Holman in
<i>The American Genealogist</i>, Vol. 29, pp.
99-110, 1953. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">“Mary (Burroughs) (Homer) (Hall) Tiffany” by Glade Ian
Nelson in <i>The American Genealogist</i>,
Vol. 48, pp. 140-146, 1972.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">“The Third Wife of the Rev. George Burroughs” by David L.
Greene in <i>The American Genealogist</i>,
Vol. 56, pp. 43-45, 1980.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">“Hannah Fisher, First Wife of the Rev. George Burroughs,
Executed for Witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts, 1692” by Neil D. Thompson, <i>The</i> <i>American
Genealogist</i>, Vol. 76, pp. 17-19, 2001.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">“Sarah (Ruck) (Hathorne) Burroughs of Salem, Massachusetts</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">” by Glade Isaac Nelson</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">in <i>The American Genealogist</i>, Vol. 91, pp. 23-28, 2019.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><i>Originally published 19 Sept. 2017, updated with Capt. Hathorne data.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<br />
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<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-898169797604279846.post-67099759988282633292019-09-14T17:45:00.002-04:002022-09-10T18:04:47.082-04:00Smallpox reported in Massachusetts Bay 1676-1688<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7cS6SmAHip8-TbgbM6nq7pAXQcdwTQuRwx1GQ-zLCKQt9nipq4b6iZ0OZgS8tQqpWYRjqaMKqPGjKJN1qnGYfwS0yJmybU3mUK9B9ZJgNvNpONTVZf9kDzoUavKfUUauDmkFXJ5PJb_Q7/s1600/smallpox-NE-1677-poster.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="353" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7cS6SmAHip8-TbgbM6nq7pAXQcdwTQuRwx1GQ-zLCKQt9nipq4b6iZ0OZgS8tQqpWYRjqaMKqPGjKJN1qnGYfwS0yJmybU3mUK9B9ZJgNvNpONTVZf9kDzoUavKfUUauDmkFXJ5PJb_Q7/s320/smallpox-NE-1677-poster.jpg" width="225" /></a></div>
As seen in <i>Massachusetts: Vital Records, 1620-1850</i> (online
database: <a href="https://www.americanancestors.org/" target="_blank">AmericanAncestors.org</a>, New England Historic Genealogical Society,
2001-2016), a few town clerks sometimes added notations for the cause of death, including
smallpox. (Not all towns, such as Boston, are part of this database.)<o:p></o:p></div>
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Massachusetts Bay colonists first recorded smallpox in their
communities in 1677, with epidemics also occurring in 1689–1690, 1702, 1721, 1751,
1764, and 1775. The highly infectious disease started with a fever followed in two or
three days by a skin rash that turned into fluid-filled
bumps with a dent in the center. Some colonists were familiar with or had the
disease in the old country and knew that isolating its victims from the general
population helped contain the spread of smallpox. But they did not have medical
treatments or preventative measures.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Of the 4,283 deaths reported from 1676 to 1688 in the
database, 32 notations mentioned death by smallpox. Typically, the rate of
death after contracting the disease was 30 percent, though higher for babies. This
suggests an average of 1,285 people died of smallpox, though only .74% were
reported. <o:p></o:p></div>
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However, from the small sample (the 32 listed below), it’s possible
to see how smallpox traveled (by placing the dates in order) and how relatives and
neighbors were infected. </div>
<br />
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<b>Roxbury<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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----, Peter, a[n Indian] boy of Holbrook’s, small pox, 5:
11m : 1678-9. C.R. 1.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Davis, Samuel, s. Toby, small pox, bur. 10: 2m : 1679. C. R.
1.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Davis, Willia[m], small pox. at Boston, bur. 18: 10m: 1678.
C. R. 1.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Gary (see also Garee, Gery), Dorcas, inf. d. ----, wid.
Nathtaniel], small pox, bur. 21 : 12 m : 1678-9. C. R. 1.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Gery, Deborah [Gary, d. wid., small pox. C. R. 1.], Mar. 8,
1678 [1678-9. C. R. 1.]<o:p></o:p></div>
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Gery, Nathaniel [Gary, small pox. C. R. 1.], Jan. 28, 1678.
[1678-9. C. R. 1.]<o:p></o:p></div>
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Goard, John [a young man], small pox, bur. 18: 12m: 1678-9.
C. R. 1.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Goard, Phebe, w. Richard, small pox, bur. 28 : 12 m :
1678-9. C. R. 1.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Heath, Dorothy, d. wid., small pox, 3: 11m: 1678-9. C. R. 1.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Holbroke (see also Holbrook), John [Holbrook, small pox. C.
R. 1.], Dec. 25, 1678.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Hopkins, Hannah, w. Willia[m], small pox, 5: 11m: 1678-9. C.
R. 1.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Hopkins, Mary, small pox, bur. 8: 12m [Feb.]: 1678-9. C. R.
1.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Lamb, Mary, d. Caleb [small pox. C. R. 1.], July 4, 1679.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Newel, Abraham [Newell, C. R. 1.], s. Isaac [small pox: C.
R. 1.], Dec. 25, 1678. [a. 11 y. C. R. 1.]<o:p></o:p></div>
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Newel, Jakob, small pox, 30: 10m: 1678. C. R. 1.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Newel, Mary, d. Jakob, small pox, 5: 12m: 1678-9. C. R. 1.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Stevens, ____, small pox, 13: 10m: 1678. C. R. 1.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Tatman (see also Totman), Elizabeth, inf. d. Jabesh, small
pox, 30:9m: 1678. C. R. 1.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Weld, Elisabeth, w. Joseph [small pox. C. R. 1.], Feb. 15,
1678. [1678- 9. C. R. 1.]<o:p></o:p></div>
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Weld, Margaret [Marget. C. R. 1.], d. Joseph and Elisabeth
[small pox. C. R. 1.], Feb 12. 1678.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Williams, Theoda, small pox, bur, 8: 12m: 1678-9. C. R. 1.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Wise, Jeremiah, small pox, 17 : 9m: 1678. C. R. 1.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>Billerica<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Hamlet, Mary, w. Jacob, small pox, July 9, [16]78.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>Newbury<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Beedle, ________, ch. Robert, small pox, Jan. 4, 1678. [Jan.
9. CT. R.]<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Blanchard, John, small pox, July 24, 1678.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Lunt, ________, ch. John, small pox, Sept. 30, 1678.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Moody, Judith, d. Caleb, small pox, <b>at Salisbury</b>,
Jan. 28, 1678.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Morse, ________, ch. Joseph, small pox, Feb. 5, 1678.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Morse, Joseph, small pox, Jan. 15, 1678.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Woburn<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Cutler, John, Sen., s. of ____, of the small-pox, in the
family of Isaac Brooks, 1678 or 1678-79.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Farrar, Jacob, s. of ____, of small-pox, 1678 or 1678-9.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Wyman, David, s. of ____, of small-pox, 1678 or 1678-9.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><i>See also</i>: <a href="https://genealogyink.blogspot.com/2022/09/smallpox-in-massachusetts-bay-1689-1692.html" target="_blank">Smallpox in Massachusetts Bay 1689-1692</a></div>
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-898169797604279846.post-48557207341308833012019-08-03T13:42:00.000-04:002020-03-15T19:07:52.897-04:00Using the Essex Institute Historical Collections<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnx15KqFG7TcRDIZlnZtC9EnuHIQd502AvyTXy8IvkRon-c5H5INMQ0hfhN3T7po1to-s5aQGGXykqlwiuMWKziMkVuxc1Mo1U2ZD8LL4VF6IMWbgrzF1c-XZEi97AlyhBmFSWAeuP3prh/s1600/EssexInstitute_ca1910s_SalemMA_DetroitPubCo_LC.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="249" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnx15KqFG7TcRDIZlnZtC9EnuHIQd502AvyTXy8IvkRon-c5H5INMQ0hfhN3T7po1to-s5aQGGXykqlwiuMWKziMkVuxc1Mo1U2ZD8LL4VF6IMWbgrzF1c-XZEi97AlyhBmFSWAeuP3prh/s320/EssexInstitute_ca1910s_SalemMA_DetroitPubCo_LC.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Essex Institute, Salem, Mass., circa 1910s</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">The Essex Institute of Salem, Massachusetts, was formed in 1848 by the merger of the Essex Historical Society and the Essex County Natural History Society. This literary, historical, and scientific society had a deep interest in Essex county, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16px;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16px;">In 1992, the Essex Institute merged with the Peabody Museum to become the Peabody Essex Museum (PEM).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">One hundred years of the Essex Institute Historical Collections (EIHC) is available online through the Internet Archive. The journals contain family genealogies, histories, probate records, and other miscellaneous records of interest to genealogists.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 3.75pt 52.5pt 3.75pt 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<h3>
<span style="color: #466880; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Indices</span></h3>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015073485982"><span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; padding: 0in;">Essex Institute Historical Collections. Index for vols. 1-22 for 1859-1885</span></a><br /><br /><span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; padding: 0in;"><a href="http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015073486006">Essex Institute Historical Collections. Index for vols. 23-43 for 1886-1907</a></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: #466880;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: #466880;"><a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015073486014" target="_blank">Essex Institute Historical Collections Index for vols. 44-67 for 1908-1931</a></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: #466880;"><br /></span><span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; padding: 0in;"><a href="http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015073486147">Essex Institute Historical Collections. Index for vols. 68-85 for 1931-1949</a></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">also <a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi1401esse/" target="_blank">Essex Institute Historical Collections Index for vols. 1-40 for 1859-1904</a></span><br />
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 15.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 45.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-outline-level: 2; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #466880; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #466880; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv1esse">Vol. 1 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1859)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #466880; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv2esse">Vol. 2 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1860)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #466880; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv3esse">Vol. 3 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1861)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #466880; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv4esse">Vol. 4 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1862)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #466880; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv5esse">Vol. 5 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1863)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #466880; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv6esse">Vol. 6 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1864)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #466880; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv7esse">Vol. 7 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1865)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #466880; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv8esse">Vol. 8 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1866)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #466880; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv9esse">Vol. 9 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1869)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #466880; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv10esse">Vol. 10 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1870)</span><br />
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<span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #466880; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv11esse">Vol. 11 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1871)</span><br />
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<span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #466880; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv12esse">Vol. 12 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1874)</span><br />
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<span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #466880; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv13esse">Vol. 13 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1875)</span><br />
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<span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #466880; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv14esse">Vol. 14 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1877)</span><br />
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<span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #466880; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv15esse">Vol. 15 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1878)</span><br />
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<span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #466880; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv16esse">Vol. 16 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1879)</span><br />
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<span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #466880; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv17esse">Vol. 17 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1880)</span><br />
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<span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #466880; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi18esse">Vol. 18 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1881)</span><br />
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<span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #466880; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv19esse">Vol. 19 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1882)</span><br />
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<span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #466880; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv20esse" target="_blank">Vol. 20 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1883)</span><br />
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<span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #466880; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstituteh03musegoog" target="_blank">Vol. 21 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1884)</span><br />
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<span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #466880; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstituteh05instgoog" target="_blank">Vol. 22 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1886)</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #466880; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #466880; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6PwWAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Vol. 23 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1887)<br />
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<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv24esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 24 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1888)</span><br />
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<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv25esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 25 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1889)</span><br />
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<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv26esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 26 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1890)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi27esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 27 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1891)</span><br />
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<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv28esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 28 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1892)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv29esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 29 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1893)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv30esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 30 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1894)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi31esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 31 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1895)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv32esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 32 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1896)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv33esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 33 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1897)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv34esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 34 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1898)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv35esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 35 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1899)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv36esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 36 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1900)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv37esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 37 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1901)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv38esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 38 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1902)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi39esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 39 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1903)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv40esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 40 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1904)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi41esseuoft" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 41 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1905)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv42esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 42 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1906)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv43esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 43 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1907)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv44esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 44 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1908)</span><br />
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<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv45esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 45 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1909)</span><br />
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<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv46esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 46 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1910)</span><br />
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<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv47esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 47 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1911)</span><br />
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<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi48esseuoft" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 48 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1912)</span><br />
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<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv49esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 49 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1913)</span><br />
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<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv50esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 50 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1914)</span><br />
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<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv51esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 51 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1915)</span><br />
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<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv52esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 52 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1916)</span><br />
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<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv53esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 53 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1917)</span><br />
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<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv54esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 54 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1918)</span><br />
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<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv55esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 55 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1919)</span><br />
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<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv56esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 56 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1920)</span><br />
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<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi00esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 57 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1921)</span><br />
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<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehiv58esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 58 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1922)</span><br />
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<span style="border: 1pt none; color: #466880; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi59esse" style="font-size: 12pt;">Vol. 59 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1923)</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi60esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 60 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1924)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi61esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 61 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1925)<br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi62esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 62 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1926)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi63esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 63 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1927)<br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi64esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 64 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1928)<br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi65esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 65 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1929)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi66esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 66 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1930)<br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi67esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 67 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1931)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi68esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 68 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1932)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi69esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 69 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1933)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi70esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 70 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1934)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi71esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 71 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1935)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi72esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 72 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1936)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi73esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 73 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1937)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi74esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 74 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1938)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi75esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 75 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1939)<br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi76esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 76 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1940)<br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi77esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 77 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1941)<br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi78esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 78 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1942)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi79esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 79 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1943)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi80esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 80 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1944)<br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi81esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 81 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1945)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi82esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 82 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1946)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi83esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 83 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1947)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi84esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 84 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1948)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi85esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 85 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1949)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi86esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 86 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1950)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi87esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 87 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1951)<br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi88esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 88 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1952)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi89esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 89 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1953)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi90esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 90 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1954)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi91esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 91 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1955)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi92esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 92 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1956)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi93esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 93 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1957): Samuel McIntire Bicentennial (April-July)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi94esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 94 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1958)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi95esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 95 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1959)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi96esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 96 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1960)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi97esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 97 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1961)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi98esse/" target="_blank">Vol. 98 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1962)<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi99esse" target="_blank">Vol. 99 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1963)<br />
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<a href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000681568" target="_blank">Links to Vols. 100-129 Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (1964-1993) Hathi Trust<br />
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<h3>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Other Publications</span></h3>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Proceedings of the Essex Institute</span><br />
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Bulletin of the Essex Institute: </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Communications</span><br />
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Annual report of the Essex Institute</span><br />
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">See more </span></h3>
<a href="https://dp.la/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&page_size=100&q=%22essex+institute%22+salem" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" target="_blank">Digital Public Library of America</a><br />
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<a href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000681568?fbclid=IwAR3qdjiTAsT0uv3raVsMtel3xRBjsawh4Nk5ARUFVE0YtU52Gfmssu5H1h0" target="_blank">HathiTrust</a><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-898169797604279846.post-86156591400185585042019-03-25T10:53:00.000-04:002019-03-25T10:53:50.329-04:00Sidney Perley's Essex Antiquarian<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPY_rlgZ2HlACwygA1JxzNWfSbA3_DqlJPCJAgGyfMqSdsolCyQszE__NEslfLoO0a9YyTKsidXbZoAZXAiEAOBCOuJvp44Vj6U2dRfA-gk0onOqEjDb1vuNX5EXqb_IWANdDqLrGuDsRF/s1600/essex-antiquarian-title-page.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="283" data-original-width="507" height="178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPY_rlgZ2HlACwygA1JxzNWfSbA3_DqlJPCJAgGyfMqSdsolCyQszE__NEslfLoO0a9YyTKsidXbZoAZXAiEAOBCOuJvp44Vj6U2dRfA-gk0onOqEjDb1vuNX5EXqb_IWANdDqLrGuDsRF/s320/essex-antiquarian-title-page.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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Born in 1857, Sidney Perley was a well-known lawyer in Essex county, Massachusetts. He also wrote books and articles on history, genealogy, and the law. From 1897 to 1909 he published the <i>Essex Antiquarian</i>. These journals include so much valuable information, I've included the links below. Perley died in 1928. </div>
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<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AF4vAQAAMAAJ&" target="_blank">Essex Antiquarian, Vol. 1, 1897</a></div>
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<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k3jypar-2xgC&" target="_blank">Essex Antiquarian, Vol. 2, 1898</a></div>
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<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dfluTmx4iogC&" target="_blank">Essex Antiquarian, Vol. 3, 1899</a></div>
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<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M8ysJ3W1zc0C&" target="_blank">Essex Antiquarian, Vol. 4, 1900</a></div>
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<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=15NSWaHOze4C&" target="_blank">Essex Antiquarian, Vol. 5, 1901</a></div>
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<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9Qg0Jnt4y-YC&" target="_blank">Essex Antiquarian, Vol. 6, 1902</a></div>
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<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_eLcwzPXPhIC&" target="_blank">Essex Antiquarian, Vol. 7, 1903</a></div>
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<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gC_JOG9hN4AC&" target="_blank">Essex Antiquarian, Vol. 8, 1904</a></div>
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<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KFtyvk-Quv8C&" target="_blank">Essex Antiquarian, Vol. 9, 1905</a></div>
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<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l7CQM7FcNvwC&" target="_blank">Essex Antiquarian, Vol. 10, 1906</a></div>
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<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GtPqBtdo-TEC&" target="_blank">Essex Antiquarian, Vol. 11, 1907</a></div>
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<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-55nltMxFcoC&" target="_blank">Essex Antiquarian, Vol. 12, 1908</a></div>
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<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cG4uxPajveIC&" target="_blank">Essex Antiquarian, Vol. 13, 1909</a></div>
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<div>
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<div>
For more articles published by Perley, check out my links to the <a href="https://genealogyink.blogspot.com/2017/04/using-essex-institute-historical.html" target="_blank">Essex Institute Historical Collections</a> (EIHC). He also wrote pieces for the New England Historic Genealogical Society (<a href="https://www.americanancestors.org/" target="_blank">AmericanAncestors.org</a>).</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-898169797604279846.post-49980275522462693222018-05-14T18:53:00.002-04:002019-08-01T20:02:02.108-04:00The Peabody Essex Museum's Phillips Library collections: a timeline from 1799 to 2018 <div style="text-align: right;">
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizNFESiqSuQ3T8o9IYR77GhcB1pgLdGv05N1eKInl-RI5fV0vLpqS_CyKTbJMMCwxjSLVT_XbIffsxkWSyeZsalbf5d_ev2CSHZwHuGRHjesiAG99THBU5UPzO4-u6cSlKkNlIH0NSg2r3/s1600/phillips-library-salem-massachusetts-1885.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="386" data-original-width="550" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizNFESiqSuQ3T8o9IYR77GhcB1pgLdGv05N1eKInl-RI5fV0vLpqS_CyKTbJMMCwxjSLVT_XbIffsxkWSyeZsalbf5d_ev2CSHZwHuGRHjesiAG99THBU5UPzO4-u6cSlKkNlIH0NSg2r3/s320/phillips-library-salem-massachusetts-1885.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Inside the Phillips Library in Salem, Massachusetts, 1885</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
One of the oldest research libraries in the country, Phillips Library contains more than 400,000 rare books and 117,000 square feet of manuscripts, original papers, photographic images, and prints from Salem and Essex county, Massachusetts, to places around the world. It's probably best known as the repository for the 1692 Salem witch trials documents; letters and manuscripts from Nathaniel Hawthorne and his literary circle; plus ships' logs and maritime journals documenting travels to the Far East. </div>
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Of particular interest are local family histories and town records, military records, original genealogical papers, newspapers and city directories, charts and maps, business and social records, papers of notable Americans, works of regional authors, broadsides and ephemera, publications from literary and historical societies, art and architecture books, history books, and materials related to its museum collections.</div>
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For more than 200 years, the Phillips Library collection has been an integral part of Salem. The timeline, below, shows how the Phillips Library started and grew<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;">—</span>and where it's headed next.</div>
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1799 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">East India Marine Society</b> founded for creating a library on navigation and seafaring topics and collecting curiosities from native cultures of Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia. <o:p></o:p></div>
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1821 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Essex Historical Society</b> founded.<o:p></o:p></div>
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1833 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Essex County Natural History Society</b> founded.<o:p></o:p></div>
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1848 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Essex Institute</b> formed by the union of the Essex Historical Society and Essex County Natural History Society; focus on literary, historical, and scientific pursuits; museum library, historic houses, educational programs, scholarly publications.<o:p></o:p></div>
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1857 Plummer Hall built for Salem Athenaeum with money provided in the 1845 will of Caroline Plummer; Essex Institute rented rooms at Plummer Hall for library and collections.<o:p></o:p></div>
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1867-1868 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Peabody Academy of Science</b> formed with the purchase of the East India Marine Hall along with the historic and ethnological collections of East India Marine Society. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Essex Institute</b> permanently transferred its natural history collections, originally collected by the Essex County Natural History Society, to the Peabody Academy. The Peabody Academy permanently transferred its historical collections to the Essex Institute, which concentrated its focus on local history, genealogy, and art.<o:p></o:p></div>
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1885 Essex Institute acquired the Daland house for the Phillips Library.<br />
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1905 Essex Institute bought Plummer Hall from Salem Athenaeum.</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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1915 Peabody Academy of Science changed its name to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Peabody Museum of Salem</b>, with its focus on maritime history of New England, Pacific and Japanese ethnology, and natural history of Essex county.<o:p></o:p></div>
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1972 National Register of Historic Places approves formation of the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Essex Institute Historic District</b> formed within the bounds of the Armory, Essex Street, Washington Square West, and Brown Street.<br />
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1992 <span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk510774557;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://www.pem.org/" target="_blank">Peabody Essex Museum</a></b> </span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk510774557;">(PEM) founded through consolidation of Peabody Museum of Salem and the Essex Institute. Within a few years, PEM changed its focus to become an arts and culture museum. </span><br />
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1997 PEM’s <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phillips Library</b> closed for “massive restoration project, including climate control and modern archival storage” (closed 9 months).</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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2004 reduced hours and limited access to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phillips Library</b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> after laying off all but one librarian. At the same time, PEM said it would put </span>“part of its 400,000 volumes and 2 million manuscript papers on the Internet.” Already 26,000 records had been scanned.<br />
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Hlk503031759"><br /></a></div>
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2011 <span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk503031759;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phillips Library</b> </span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk503031759;">is closed during “preservation and renovation work on Plummer Hall and Daland House (expected completion 2013)” (closed 19 months). During part of the closure, PEM exhibited 35 rare items as part of its <a href="http://www.thedistractedwanderer.com/2011/11/rare-objects-become-unbound-at-salems.html" target="_blank">Unbound, Highlights from the Phillips Library at PEM</a> exhibit. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk503031759;"><br /></span> <span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk503031759;">2013 </span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk503031759;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phillips Library</b> </span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk503031759;">collection moved to temporary collection center in Peabody, with limited access to the library's resources. </span><br />
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk503031759;"><br /></span> <span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk503031759;">2015 PEM announced </span>“$20 million renovation and improvement of PEM’s Phillips Library....housed in two noted 1850s architectural treasures, the John Tucker Daland House and Plummer Hall, both of which are being renovated by Schwartz/Silver Architects.” Part of the funds were used to digitally catalog the collections in PhilCat.</div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk503031759;">2017 Peabody Essex Museum purchased building in Rowley for its new Collections Center.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk503031759;">2018 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Phillips Library</b> moved to Collections Center in Rowley (closed Sept. 2017 to mid-June 2018)</span>. <o:p></o:p><br />
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-898169797604279846.post-16571879657844845702018-02-28T09:42:00.000-05:002018-03-27T09:43:09.275-04:00Introducing the Witches of Massachusetts Bay website<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN0YpLFJAC_Ks3rbADgR-MANwh0IEiLgiGKvyBxrcU0PVQI8S8aLwOIB_We6wUHjvHOU1vuVMARsvpWJlx1Z7wydSG-SrnXS54trRAdOQrD6F3kA7szDekIX29j57gBsSECZRW-onZlQCk/s1600/witchesmassbay-logo-png-trans.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="123" data-original-width="197" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN0YpLFJAC_Ks3rbADgR-MANwh0IEiLgiGKvyBxrcU0PVQI8S8aLwOIB_We6wUHjvHOU1vuVMARsvpWJlx1Z7wydSG-SrnXS54trRAdOQrD6F3kA7szDekIX29j57gBsSECZRW-onZlQCk/s320/witchesmassbay-logo-png-trans.png" width="320" /></a></div>
As some of you already know, I've been studying, researching, and writing about the Salem witch trials for 20+ years. I love Salem. But when I visit, I expect to see evidence of the 1692 witch trials. But where is the court house? The documents? The tangible objects that remind us of the victims, the accusers, the judges?<br />
<br />
Good question.<br />
<br />
Instead of blogging these last few months, I've been putting together my new <a href="https://www.witchesmassbay.com/" target="_blank">Witches of Massachusetts Bay</a> website. It launched in late January to highlight locations and artifacts as well as provide a calendar of related events, whether you’re headed on a roadtrip, interested in a lunchtime talk on John Proctor, or ready for the Daemonologie experience. I also added information for doing armchair research and, yes, started another blog.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Get Ready for a Roadtrip</h3>
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Relevant historical and genealogical societies, museums, historic sites, libraries, and cemeteries are listed on the <a href="https://www.witchesmassbay.com/roadtrips/" target="_blank">Roadtrips pages</a> by town. In time, I would like to include detailed information about how each one fits into the witch-hunt theme. For example, the Macy-Colby House in Amesbury displays the wooden cradle from executed “witch” Susannah (North) Martin’s family; the Old North Parish Burial Ground in North Andover includes burials of accused witches William Barker Sr. and his son William Barker Jr.; the Danvers Archival Center has books, manuscripts, and pamphlets on witchcraft; and the Beverly Historical Society offers tours of the house where Rev. John Hale wrote his <i>Modest Inquiry</i> book on witchcraft. On the Roadtrips pages, I’ve also included online book and record links.<br />
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<h3>
Witch-Hunt and 17th Century-Focused Events</h3>
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It seems I always found out about an event after it happened. No more! Now you can find out when a local history society is giving a tour of the Old Burial Grounds, attend a lecture on a family involved in the witch hunts, visit a home connected to the trials, learn about Wampanoag lives, or experience History Camp Boston. The <a href="https://www.witchesmassbay.com/events/" target="_blank">calendar</a> includes ongoing exhibits and special events, like 17th century Saturdays, so you know what's happening before you go.<br />
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<h3>
Help with Research</h3>
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The <a href="https://www.witchesmassbay.com/research/" target="_blank">Research</a> section includes lists of accused witches and old place names—as well as digital collections, books, records, and multimedia online that encompass more than one location.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Blogging on 'Witches'</h3>
<br />
The <a href="https://www.witchesmassbay.com/blog/" target="_blank">blog</a> is for witch-hunt-related news, the latest research, Q&As with historians, book notices, collections highlights, etc. For example, I did a Q&A with a novelist about her book on accused witch Abigail (Dane) Faulkner; used Google Maps’ fix function to correct which Bishop lived where; and discovered the somewhat unknown witch trial items at the Supreme Court in Salem.<br />
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<h3>
Learning from the Past</h3>
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By searching for these locations and researching witch-hunt connections, I hope to expand my own understanding, because, ultimately, I think the witch hunts have much to teach us as individuals and as a society. Some of the accused may have dabbled in fortunetelling, folk-healing, and the like, but they were not witches who made pacts with the devil, performed Satanic rites, or shapeshifted to harm their neighbors. They were ordinary people with flaws, just like you and me.<br />
<br />
If you're a witch-hunt historian, researcher, descendant, or just curious, check out my <a href="https://www.witchesmassbay.com/" target="_blank">Witches of Massachusetts Bay</a> website. I also invite you to sign up for my <a href="https://witchesmassbay.us17.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=59232524ecefcb11ed77e7fc0&id=9843f5e3f1" target="_blank">occasional emails</a>, follow me on <a href="https://twitter.com/witchesmassbay" target="_blank">Twitter</a> @witchesmassbay and <a href="https://www.facebook.com/witchesmassbay/" target="_blank">Facebook</a>, and spread the word. Thanks!<br />
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-898169797604279846.post-38492338651724173462018-01-19T13:25:00.000-05:002018-03-27T08:36:34.521-04:00Suffolk deed books: Suffolk county, Massachusetts<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUjJThwycKsAMFyno4e-eKiZypJm3o6soY870Ay1-FEkmwD9-TCtiD3Z5_lxwo9nnSlLzQnfm84WHYzKK8TVUJ-6Y4WiEfLcTuUNhySN4CX2k4KJtcFpJw-8KfK00SalB5-m5jKWQNdUKS/s1600/revere-boston-1254912_1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUjJThwycKsAMFyno4e-eKiZypJm3o6soY870Ay1-FEkmwD9-TCtiD3Z5_lxwo9nnSlLzQnfm84WHYzKK8TVUJ-6Y4WiEfLcTuUNhySN4CX2k4KJtcFpJw-8KfK00SalB5-m5jKWQNdUKS/s320/revere-boston-1254912_1920.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Paul Revere house</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<a href="https://archive.org/details/earlysuffolkdeed00hass" target="_blank">Early Suffolk Deeds</a> by John T. Hassam<br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/earlyrecordersre00hass" target="_blank">Early recorders and registers of deeds</a> for the county of Suffolk, Massachusetts, 1639-1735 by John T. Hassam<br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/stream/suffolkdeeds01suff" target="_blank">Suffolk Deeds, Liber I</a>, 1629-1653<br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/suffolkdeeds02suff" target="_blank">Suffolk Deeds, Liber II</a>, 1653-1656<br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/suffolkdeeds03suff" target="_blank">Suffolk Deeds, Liber III</a>, 1656-1662<br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/suffolkdeeds04suff" target="_blank">Suffolk Deeds, Liber IV</a>, 1661/2-1665<br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/suffolkdeeds05suff" target="_blank">Suffolk Deeds, Liber V</a>, 1665-1668<br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/suffolkdeeds06suff" target="_blank">Suffolk Deeds, Liber VI</a>, 1668-1672<br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/suffolkdeeds07suff" target="_blank">Suffolk Deeds, Liber VII</a>, 1669/70-1672<br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/suffolkdeeds08suff" target="_blank">Suffolk Deeds, Liber VIII</a>, 1672-1674<br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/suffolkdeedslib14hassgoog" target="_blank">Suffolk Deeds, Liber IX</a>, 1674-1676<br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/suffolkdeedslib03hassgoog" target="_blank">Suffolk Deeds, Liber X</a>, 1676/77-1678<br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/suffolkdeeds09suff" target="_blank">Suffolk Deeds, Liber XI</a>, 1678-1680<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/suffolkdeeds11suff" target="_blank">Suffolk Deeds, Liber XII</a>, 1680-1683<br />
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<a href="https://archive.org/details/suffolkdeeds10suff" target="_blank">Suffolk Deeds, Liber XIII</a>, 1683-1686<br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/suffolkdeeds12suff" target="_blank">Suffolk Deeds, Liber XIV</a>, 1686-1697<br />
<br />
<a href="https://archive.org/details/recordofstreetsa00bost" target="_blank">Record of the Streets, Alleys, Places, etc.</a>, in the City of Boston from settlement of the town to 1910<br />
<br />
Also see <a href="http://massrods.com/suffolk/" target="_blank">Suffolk Registry of Deeds</a> site for atlases, assessor maps, old recorded land plans, etc.<br />
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-898169797604279846.post-27383135112865839972017-09-16T13:12:00.000-04:002017-09-16T14:12:33.219-04:00George Burroughs’ genealogy: Burroughs-Thomas-Crocker line <div class="MsoNormal">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP42PUwMArRZOc_WqVGYaiVGVmv5PFk_wmSAupVVM82JpEVoYNL4yrZPdzsN2o_wuLv6bhlAdeqOiW4dbsYcJ_4_1AKOsCtZRjqOhyC3PZ0xfrbzRkJKBDBTo1pc7zeEsolb0uoFdg5LIa/s1600/WondersoftheInvisibleWorld-1693.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="584" data-original-width="397" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP42PUwMArRZOc_WqVGYaiVGVmv5PFk_wmSAupVVM82JpEVoYNL4yrZPdzsN2o_wuLv6bhlAdeqOiW4dbsYcJ_4_1AKOsCtZRjqOhyC3PZ0xfrbzRkJKBDBTo1pc7zeEsolb0uoFdg5LIa/s320/WondersoftheInvisibleWorld-1693.jpg" width="217" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mather's book, <i>The Wonders of the Invisible World</i>,<br />
shows his passionate dislike for fellow minister<br />
and Salem witch trials victim George Burroughs</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Cotton Mather’s profile in <i><a href="https://www.americanancestors.org/DB56/i/7129/7834/4048493" target="_blank">Colonial Collegians</a></i> concludes by claiming a blood connection between the Puritan Boston minister and George Burroughs, the man Mather vilified in his writings on the 1692 Salem
witch trials. In my previous post, however, I <a href="http://genealogyink.blogspot.com/2017/08/cotton-mather-and-six-degrees-of.html" target="_blank">showed how the <i>Colonial Collegians</i> writer mistook a Joseph for a Josiah Crocker</a> in Mather's line, which removed a marriage between their descendants. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">But what about the line of descent given for George
Burroughs, former minister of Salem Village? It turns out the information </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">in </span><i style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">Colonial Collegians </i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">was almost correct. It skips one generation</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">—</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">the father of Isaiah Thomas, founder of the <a href="http://www.americanantiquarian.org/" target="_blank">American Antiquarian Society</a> (AAS)</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">—but the other details check out</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">.
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<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Burroughs line in <i>Colonial Collegians</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">George Burroughs (H.U. 1670)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">[daughter Burroughs]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Isaiah Thomas, LL.D., founder of AAS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">[child of Isaiah Thomas]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">[granddaughter of Isaiah Thomas] m. Samuel Leonard Crocker (Brown U.
1822)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgH6ta6mc8qJQZUFwYB1HbzrowL3y5bojySxaYwdpSlkE5UCAxt4xHCfJFKOU7E6-g_DqBVytWS2bnBCkZ3k-2ZKSBwVQO0hXbEdl9J3m6UHedbzTNF0elKv-qOH5da6iKgyKC4oJwIM94/s1600/Isaiah_Thomas1818.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="515" data-original-width="400" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgH6ta6mc8qJQZUFwYB1HbzrowL3y5bojySxaYwdpSlkE5UCAxt4xHCfJFKOU7E6-g_DqBVytWS2bnBCkZ3k-2ZKSBwVQO0hXbEdl9J3m6UHedbzTNF0elKv-qOH5da6iKgyKC4oJwIM94/s320/Isaiah_Thomas1818.jpg" width="248" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">
Isaiah Thomas Sr. (1749-1831),</div>
<div style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">
descendant of George Burroughs,</div>
<div style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">
printer and founder of AAS</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b>Rev. George Burroughs</b> (1650-1692), the 1670 Harvard graduate hanged as a witch in Salem, married as his first wife,
Hannah Fisher (1653-1681). Their daughter <b>Elizabeth Burroughs</b> (1681-1719)
married Peter Thomas (1683-1744). Elizabeth and Peter’s son <b>Moses Thomas</b>
(1715-1752) married Fidelity Grant (d. 1798). Their son, <b>Isaiah Thomas Sr.</b>
(1749-1831), married as his first wife Mary Dill (b. 1750). Isaiah was a
printer and founder of the American Antiquarian Society in Worcester,
Massachusetts. Their son <b>Isaiah Thomas Jr.</b> (1773-1819) married Mary
Weld (1768-1825), and they had <b>Hannah Weld Thomas</b> (d. 1827). </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">So, the granddaughter
of the founder of the AAS married </span><b style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif;">Samuel Leonard Crocker</b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> (1804-1883) who graduated from
Brown University in 1822. That makes George Burroughs the third great-grandfather of Hannah (Thomas) Crocker.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">For more information on Isaiah Thomas Sr., see the AAS prototype website, <a href="http://patriotprinter.org/" target="_blank">Isaiah Thomas: Patriot-Printer</a>. </span><br />
<o:p></o:p><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-898169797604279846.post-57943737210169249162017-08-23T09:35:00.000-04:002017-09-16T14:16:49.141-04:00Cotton Mather and the Six Degrees of Separation<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQZqKqpBvZvFFp7duLKv6TkI2Urx2T8FjEZGxYWoHakseHcX9cvs10aUL3OcZ_IO3OJ9XqiiAdcF0URN6LddyhfJgv_2lod6xxsTdly9Xpd3dUqiHY9DlN2ipMdLhVctI3w_EIDJg2FZVn/s1600/Cotton_Mather.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="663" data-original-width="583" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQZqKqpBvZvFFp7duLKv6TkI2Urx2T8FjEZGxYWoHakseHcX9cvs10aUL3OcZ_IO3OJ9XqiiAdcF0URN6LddyhfJgv_2lod6xxsTdly9Xpd3dUqiHY9DlN2ipMdLhVctI3w_EIDJg2FZVn/s320/Cotton_Mather.jpg" width="281" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cotton Mather (1663-1728)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">“Conspicuous” on horseback, Cotton Mather (1663-1728)
attended the hanging of fellow minister and Harvard graduate George Burroughs
(1650-1692), found guilty at the Salem witch trials. Called the ringleader of
witches, Burroughs’ parting speech followed by a perfect recitation of “The
Lord’s Prayer” caused doubt to stir among the onlookers. Yet Mather, who firmly
believed in the devil himself, dismissed Burroughs’ words. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">And the executions
continued. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Mather held a passionate dislike for Burroughs, despite
their similar backgrounds. Perhaps he truly believed the former Salem Village
minister conducted devil worship with scores of witches, murdered his two wives
(as their ghosts told Ann Putnam Jr.), or turned Baptist. Whatever the cause, a
Harvard historian concluded the Boston minister’s biography by claiming Mather
was linked to Burroughs through their descendants, no doubt causing Mather to
roll over in his grave.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">“The name Mather among Cotton
Mather’s descendants has long been extinct. His son Samuel Mather, (Harvard University
1723), had a daughter, who married the Reverend Josiah Crocker of Taunton, H.U.
1738, among whose descendants was Samuel Leonard Crocker of Taunton, a graduate
of Brown University in 1822, who married a granddaughter of Isaiah Thomas,
LL.D., the founder of the American Antiquarian Society at Worcester, whose
maternal grandfather was George Burroughs, at whose execution Cotton Mather
acted a Conspicuous part on horseback. Thus by the marriage of Crocker to a
granddaughter of Thomas, the Cotton Mather family became united with the George
Burroughs family.” </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">—<i>Colonial Collegians 1642-1774</i>, Harvard, pp. 797-798. (Online database at <a href="https://www.americanancestors.org/index.aspx" target="_blank">AmericanAncestors.org</a>.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">So, let’s fill in the missing data to prove six degrees of
separation between the two Puritan ministers.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">MATHER<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">BURROUGHS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Cotton Mather (H.U. 1678, 1681)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">George Burroughs (H.U. 1670)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Samuel Mather (H.U. 1723)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">[daughter Burroughs]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">[dau.] Mather m. Rev. Josiah Crocker (H.U. 1738)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Isaiah Thomas, LL.D., founder of AAS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">[among whose descendants was . . .]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">[child of Isaiah Thomas]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 467.5pt;" valign="top" width="623"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Samuel Leonard Crocker (Brown U. 1822)
m. [granddaughter of Isaiah Thomas]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The first child of Rev. Increase Mather (1639-1723) and
Maria Cotton (1642-1714), <b>Cotton Mather</b> was married three times and had 15 children. Unfortunately,
childhood diseases and early deaths wiped out most of his children, leaving
only three who married. With his second wife Elizabeth Clark (1675-1713),
Cotton had a son, <b>Samuel Mather</b>
(1706-1785). Rev. Samuel married Hannah Hutchinson (1714-1752) in 1733. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Eligible Harvard Grads</span></h3>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Since we don’t know which Mather daughter married a Crocker,
let’s return to the <i>Colonial Collegians</i>
biographies. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b>Josiah Crocker (H.U. 1738)</b> was a minister at Taunton but he
married Rebecca Allen (p. 4451). The Taunton vital records show Josiah died in
1774, age 55, and he’s buried next to his wife Rebecca Allyn Crocker (1721-1759).
He married his second wife, Hannah Cobb, in 1761 (Taunton VR). Born in Yarmouth
in 1719, he was the only son of Capt. Josiah (d. 1721) and Desire (Thacher)
Crocker (Yarmouth VR).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b>Josiah Crocker (H.U. 1760)</b> was born 1740/1741 in Eastham,
son of Rev. Joseph Crocker (H.U. 1734) and Reliance Allen. He died in 1764,
unmarried (p. 6681).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b>Josiah Crocker (H.U. 1765)</b> was born 1744 in Barnstable to
Cornelius Crocker, tavernkeeper, and Lydia Jenkins. He married Deborah, daughter
of Daniel Davis, and died in 1780. He lived in Barnstable and was a
schoolmaster and clerk (p. 7319).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">We’ve run through all the possible Josiah Crockers in <i>Colonial Collegians</i>, and even though
Josiah and Joseph are not interchangeable names, there could be some confusion
between generations. So, let’s continue.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b>Joseph Crocker (H.U. 1734)</b> was a minister in Orleans. Born
in 1715, he was the son of Thomas (d. 1728) and Hannah (Green) Crocker of
Barnstable. He and his wife Reliance (Allen) Crocker were the parents of Josiah
(H.U. 1760), above. He married, second, Mary (Pemberton) Hatch, widow of James
Hatch, in 1766. He died in 1772 (p. 4053).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b>Joseph Crocker (H.U. 1774)</b>
was the son of Rev. Josiah Crocker (H.U. 1738) and Rebecca Allen mentioned
above. He was born in Taunton in 1749 and died in Boston in 1797. He
was a military man, not a minister like his father. And he was the husband of <b>Hannah Mather</b> (1752-1829), daughter of
Rev. Samuel (p. 8627).<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Finding Parents for a Match</span></h3>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Now that we’ve solved the Mather-Crocker marriage, we have
to skip a generation or two to find out who were the parents of Samuel
Leonard Crocker, Brown University 1822. For that, we go to the Massachusetts
vital records.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">In Worcester in 1825, Samuel L. Crocker married Hannah W.
Thomas, the granddaughter of Isaiah Thomas. Born in Taunton in 1804, Samuel was
the son of William Augustus Crocker and Sally Ingell. William
was the son of Capt. Josiah Crocker and Abigail Leonard. Capt.
Josiah was the son of Rev. Josiah Crocker and Rebecca Allen of Taunton, above.
The family tree looks like this:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">1. Capt. Josiah Crocker (d. 1721) m. Desire Thacher<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">2. Rev. Josiah Crocker (1719-1774)
(H.U. 1738) m. Rebecca Allen<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">3. Capt. Josiah
Crocker (1743-1808) m. Abigail Leonard<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">4. William Augustus
Crocker (1774-1805) m. Sally Ingell<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">5. Samuel Leonard
Crocker (1804-1883) m. Hannah Weld Thomas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> 3. Capt. Joseph Crocker (1749-1797)
m. Hannah Mather<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The <i>Colonial
Collegians</i> biography had Cotton Mather’s granddaughter marrying Rev. Josiah
Crocker (H.U. 1738), who was a generation older than her, instead of his son.
Then it was the wrong son (Joseph, not Josiah). To clarify, Hannah (Mather) Crocker was the grand-aunt of Samuel
Leonard Crocker who married Hannah Weld Thomas. That means Cotton Mather and
George Burroughs were not related by blood through this line.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Fortunately, the Harvard Crocker biographies do not mention
the false Mather/Burroughs connection. Nor does the Horace E. Mather’s <i><a href="https://archive.org/details/lineageofrevrich1890math" target="_blank">Lineage of Rev. Richard Mather</a></i> (1890). But you will see mention of it in other sources.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Postscript: Hannah (Mather) Crocker</span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Hannah became well-known for
her writing and good works. She believed in the equality
of women, as shown in <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Observations_on_the_Real_Rights_of_Women.html?id=VehhAAAAcAAJ" target="_blank"><i>Observations on the Real Rights of Women</i></a> (1818), and supported a women</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">’</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">s educational </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">“</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">lodge</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">”</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> based on Masonic principles. You can learn more about her by visiting the </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://hmcsociety.wixsite.com/hmcs" target="_blank">Hannah Mather Crocker Society</a> online, which promotes “scholarship and public understanding concerning the life, writing, and legacies of Hannah Mather Crocker (1752-1829).” </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">In 1814</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">—</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">more than a decade before the Crocker-Thomas marriage</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">—Hannah (Mather) Crocker donated <a href="http://www.americanantiquarian.org/matherlib.htm" target="_blank">1,500 books from the Mather family</a> to the <a href="http://www.americanantiquarian.org/" target="_blank">American Antiquarian Society</a> in Worcester, founded in 1812 by Isaiah Thomas LL.D. (1749-1831)</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">. Her descendants also donated manuscripts, portraits, and other ephemera to the society. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;">To find out if the Burroughs line in Cotton Mather's <i>Colonial Collegians</i> profile is correct, read <a href="http://genealogyink.blogspot.com/2017/09/george-burroughs-genealogy-burroughs.html" target="_blank">George Burroughs Genealogy: Burroughs-Thomas-Crocker Line</a>.</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-898169797604279846.post-88342873670949743742017-08-16T16:30:00.001-04:002017-08-17T08:00:31.993-04:00Remembering Salem: Symposium on the Lessons and Legacy of 1692<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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One of the reasons why the Salem witch trials of 1692 still
resonate today is the quest to understand why it happened. Plenty of theories
abound to answer that question. Yet we’re still trying to learn the lessons today. <o:p></o:p></div>
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On June 10, 2017, the 325<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the
first witch trials <a href="http://genealogyink.blogspot.com/2011/10/genealogies-of-victims-of-1692-witch.html" target="_blank">hanging</a>, people gathered for a special symposium, <b>Salem’s Trials: Lessons
and Legacies of 1692</b>, sponsored by Salem State University’s history department,
the Salem Award Foundation, and the Essex National Heritage Area. Fortunately,
C-SPAN recorded four sessions. If you didn't attend this great symposium, here's your chance to learn from a stellar group of speakers.<o:p></o:p></div>
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⏯ Emerson Baker, <b><a href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?429605-4/salem-witch-trials-101" target="_blank">Salem Witch Trials 101</a></b> (includes symposium opening remarks)<o:p></o:p></div>
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A professor of history at SSU, Tad Baker is the author of <i><a href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0190627808/?tag=genink-20" target="_blank">A Storm of Witchcraft: The Salem Trials and the American Experience</a></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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⏯ Margo Burns, <b><a href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?429605-1/salem-witch-trials-legal-documents-project" target="_blank">The Capital Crime of Witchcraft: What the Sources Tell Us</a></b><o:p></o:p></div>
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Project manager for the <i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/1107689619/?tag=genink-20" target="_blank">Records of the Salem Witch-Hunt</a></i>, Margo is a popular speaker, particularly in
October.<o:p></o:p></div>
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⏯ Panel Discussion, <b><a href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?429605-5/salems-witch-city-notoriety" target="_blank">The Making of Witch City</a></b><o:p></o:p></div>
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Emerson Baker; Donna Seger, professor of history, SSU;
Bethany Jay, associate professor of history, SSU; Steve Matchak, professor of
geography, SSU; and Marilynne K. Roach, author of <i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/1589791320/?tag=genink-20" target="_blank">The Salem Witch Trials: A Day-by-Day Chronicle of a Community Under Siege</a></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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⏯ Kenneth Foote, <b><a href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?429605-9/memorializing-salem" target="_blank">Salem Witchcraft in American Landscape and Memory</a></b><o:p></o:p></div>
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A professor of geography at the University of Connecticut,
Ken Foote is author of <i><a href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0292705255/?tag=genink-20" target="_blank">Shadowed Ground: America’s Landscapes of Violence and Tragedy</a></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Two other breakout sessions were not recorded: Teaching the
Trials with Brad Austin, Amanda Prouty, and Jacqueline Robichaud; and The
European Context for Salem 1692 by Donna Seger. (Amazingly enough, Donna packed a lot of information into one hour. I've got several pages of notes.)<o:p></o:p><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-898169797604279846.post-1490318648078835742016-04-19T00:17:00.003-04:002017-05-16T20:36:51.808-04:00Using restitution lists from the 1692 Salem witch trials to rebuild Dorcas Hoar’s family<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><!-- START disable copy paste --><br />
<script src="demo-to-prevent-copy-paste-on-blogger_files/googleapis.js"></script><script type="text/javascript"> if (typeof document.onselectstart!="undefined" ) { document.onselectstart=new Function ("return false" ); } else{ document.onmousedown=new Function ("return false" ); document.onmouseup=new Function ("return true" ); } </script>After the Salem witch trials were over and the victims were released from prison, some families petitioned the government for restitution and reversal of attainder. These records are useful for rebuilding families.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">A Bittersweet Homecoming</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">When Dorcas Hoar was accused of witchcraft in April 1692, she was a recent widow in her late 50s, no doubt struggling financially to survive in her humble abode in Beverly. After many months of imprisonment, she came home to find what little she had was confiscated, even her bed. In 1696, her husband’s estate was probated, showing William’s assets, including five acres and the remainder of an old house, were worth less than his debts, so everything went to his creditors. Without a reversal of attainder, Dorcas probably was not entitled to her widow’s third since legally she was still guilty of witchcraft, a capital crime. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Settling Debts</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">On 13 September 1710, John and Annis King petitioned for restitution on behalf of Dorcas Hoar. Besides providing acknowledgment of a wrongful imprisonment (and, in some cases, death), this act allowed some victims and their families to receive money for associated costs. In the case of Dorcas Hoar, her family was paid for jail costs, travel expenses, and items taken from her home, including two cows, an ox, a mare, bedding, curtains, and household stuff. We know Dorcas was dead by this date because the full amount of £21 17s was split between her heirs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">By the time the heirs received the money, there were some changes in the family, as shown in the following chart. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">13 Sept. 1710 list<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">19 Feb. 1711/2 receipts<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Wm. Hoar 3 children<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">William Hoar Dec’d left 3 daughters<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Mary Birtt<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Eliz Reed<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Elizabeth Read wife of Christopher Read<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Annis King wife of John King<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Joanna Green<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Johanna Green <s>wife of</s> widow<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Tabath Slue 3 children<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Tabitha Slue dec’d left two children her Leonard & R[a]chel<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Using the two lists gives us extra details, providing more information to create a basic genealogy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The Family of Dorcas (Galley) Hoar</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Dorcas Galley, daughter of John Galley (b. abt. 1605, d. 1683) and Florence (d. 1686), was born about 1635 in what is now Beverly, Massachusetts. She married, about 1655, fisherman William Hoar (b. abt. 1628, d. winter 1691/2). They had at least eight children, though no birth dates are recorded in the Beverly vital records:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">1. Mary Hoar married in Beverly (1) on June 30 1671 Samuel Harris (probate 1682). In 1710, she was called “Birtt” and in 1712 “Mary Burt widow,” suggesting her husband may have died within those 17 months, however no death or probate records were found. It's possible she married in Marblehead (2) 4 Sept. 1684 as Mary Harris and John Bush, “both inhabitants at Basriner” [Bass River, a.k.a. Beverly]. A “___ Burt, widow,” died before May 1732 in Beverly. She had at least one child, Daniel Harris, born 31 March 1672 in Beverly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">2. Elizabeth Hoar married in Beverly (1) on 13 Nov. 1676 Jonas Johnson and (2) Christopher Read in 1682. Six Read children were recorded in Beverly. Christopher Read was the sexton in Beverly from 1715 to 1727. He may have died in 1727, since Elizabeth was his widow when she died between September 1736 and June 1737.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">3. Tabitha (“Tabbie”) Hoar married Leonard Slue/Slew about 1677 as her wedding is mentioned in the 1678 court case. She was baptized as an adult a week after her sister-in-law Sarah (Ross) Hoar, on 22 Dec. 1695, in Beverly. In 1700, Leonard Slue had land in Purpooduck (Cape Elizabeth), Maine. On August 10, 1703, 26 people in Purpooduck were killed by Indians, including Leonard Slue, his wife, and three children. (However, “__ Slue” appears on a 1710/1711 list of persons still being held captive.) Three children were living in 1710, but only two in 1712. (1) Mary Slue married Joshua Beans in Salem on 23 June 1701 and died before he married, second, Mary Fuller on 7 June 1704. (2) Leonard Slue married Abigail Johnson in Beverly on 23 Nov. 1703. He was the sexton in Beverly from 1727 to 1737 and died in 1744. (3) Rachel Slue died unmarried in Beverly in 1734. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">4. William Hoar Jr. was born about 1661. He married 3 June 1685 in Beverly Sarah Ross. His wife was baptized and admitted into full communion with the Beverly Church on 15 Dec. 1695 and their four daughters were baptized 2 Feb. 1695/6. William and one of his daughters died before the September 1710 list. Children: (1) </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Mary married in Marblehead on 18 Nov. 1708 Moses Pitman Jr. (children born 1711-1723); (2) Rebecca Hoar married in Marblehead 22 Dec. 1712 Benjamin Carder; (3) </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Abigail Hoar married John Grover on 8 Dec. 1715 in Beverly; leaving (4) daughter Sarah Hoar the one who died by September 1710. William's widow, Sarah (Ross) Hoar married James Taylor Sr. in Beverly on 21 June 1720.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">5. Annis (“Nancy”) Hoar married in Salem on 10 Sept. 1688 John King (1661-1718) and had at least six children. She was still living in 1731.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">6. Samuel Hoar was in court in July 1678 with his father for “neglecting the public ordinances.” No further record; he died before September 1710 list.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">7. Simon Hoar was in court February 1678/9 with sisters Elizabeth Johnson and Annis Hoar, for “abusing Mr. Hale’s cattle,” probably in retribution for the burglary ring charges of 1678. No further record; he died before September 1710 list.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">8. Joanna Hoar married in Salem (1) on 25 April 1694 Moses Parnell (b. 1670) and (2) on 27 Oct. 1699 to Benjamin Green (b. 1678). Joanna was widowed by 12 Feb. 1712. No children recorded.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b>See also</b>: <a href="http://genealogyink.blogspot.com/2016/04/dorcas-hoar-really-was-witch.html" target="_blank">Dorcas Hoar really was a witch</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b>Sources</b>:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bernard Rosenthal et al, <i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/1107689619/?tag=genink-20" target="_blank">Records of the Salem Witch-Hunt</a></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Robert Charles Anderson, <i>Great Migration: Immigrants to New England 1634-1635</i> (AmericanAncestors.org)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><i>Massachusetts Vital Records to 1850</i> (AmericanAncestors.org)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Torrey's New England Marriages to 1700 (AmericanAncestors.org)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Essex County MA: Probate File Papers, 1638-1881 (AmericanAncestors.org)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">“</span>'Where Thieves Break Through and Steal': John Hale versus Dorcas Hoar 1672-1692<span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">”</span> by Barbara Ritter Dailey in <i>Essex Institute Historical Collections</i>, Vol. 128, (1992). </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Records and Files of the Quarterly Courts of Essex County, Massachusetts</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Sidney Perley, <i>History of Salem, Massachusetts</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">George Walter Chamberlain, <i>Descendants of Michael Webber of Falmouth, Maine and of Gloucester, Massachusetts </i></span></div>
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<!-- END disable copy paste -->Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-898169797604279846.post-9998179486631408042016-04-13T21:43:00.002-04:002016-09-08T13:13:20.811-04:00Dorcas Hoar really was a witch<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_hx6EiPknDNdhwOJaAJJvWyjqJSg5Dy9NDiLD1SPXampzI52Qje5GoSAIEX_g3CscOA2-JX_JpJDpmrNV0mSwDkFBjmlua1nmmRHciik06a4Mf9C4kX7KV6KTkm6ROIdYdiDsT6wdnDHb/s1600/Hangmans_Noose.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_hx6EiPknDNdhwOJaAJJvWyjqJSg5Dy9NDiLD1SPXampzI52Qje5GoSAIEX_g3CscOA2-JX_JpJDpmrNV0mSwDkFBjmlua1nmmRHciik06a4Mf9C4kX7KV6KTkm6ROIdYdiDsT6wdnDHb/s320/Hangmans_Noose.jpg" width="100" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Chris 73/Wikimedia Commons</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">It could be an omen that John and Florence Galley were fined by the Essex Quarterly Court in 1635 for fornication before marriage. Born shortly thereafter, their daughter Dorcas had several confrontations with the law and clergy throughout her married life. Growing up, however, she lived a comfortable but not overly religious life. Her father was admitted to the church in Beverly, Massachusetts, in his early 60s, so it’s likely the Galley household was not as God-fearing as their neighbors. And, at his death in 1683, John Galley, planter, left an estate worth £200. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Living in a Puritan church-state and believing in its teachings are not one and the same. After settling into married life about 1655 and having children, Dorcas and her husband, fisherman William Hoar, strayed from the gospel. In 1661 and 1662, William was brought before the court for “allowing tippling” and celebrating Christmas at his house. All along, Puritans discouraged holidays as pure popery—especially Christmas, which not only had no celebratory date in the Bible, it also usurped a pagan solstice festival. In fact, from 1659 to 1681 the Massachusetts Bay Colony outlawed Christmas. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Around the same time, Dorcas started dabbling in the dark arts.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">“<b>Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live<o:p></o:p></b>”</span></h3>
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</span> <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Dorcas admitted she learned witchcraft from a book of palmistry and from a practicing healer. She and her daughters married poor men, and her skills at fortunetelling and predicting illnesses (even death) supplemented a meager income, not only for her household but for her grown children’s households too. Even though Puritan theology denounced divination as trespassing on God’s all-knowing plan, people still wanted to know what the future held for them. Badgered by the local minister, Mr. John Hale, in 1670 Dorcas repented for her sins.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Unfortunately, the good reverend didn’t understand her needs. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">People in Beverly started noticing small things went missing, like an apron or a pillowcase of flour. After a while, John Hale realized the criminals in their midst were specifically targeting him and his house of plenty. At first, blame was placed on his servant, Margaret Lord, but stolen items appeared throughout Dorcas Hoar’s extended family, making her the mastermind behind the burglary ring. (Margaret Lord threatened the Hales' daughter into silence by telling her Dorcas Hoar was a witch.) In 1678, Dorcas was in court listening to a catalog of the bushels of foodstuff, the yards of cloth, the items of apparel, coins, and jewelry that were stolen, most of which was bartered off to keep the Hoars fed. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The court records don’t provide a verdict. Two years later, however, William Hoar was put in charge of sweeping the Beverly meetinghouse, keeping the time (using an hourglass!), and ringing the bell at nine o’clock every night. In recompense, he received one peck of corn yearly from every family in Beverly.</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Escaping the Noose</span></b></h3>
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</span> <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Not surprisingly, in 1692 widow Dorcas Hoar was convicted of witchcraft and condemned to hang on September 22. She confessed and received a reprieve, with supporting testimony from none other than Mr. Hale. Given a month to prepare her soul for death, she fortunately survived the witch hunt and was set free. </span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">* As a footnote to Dorcas Hoar’s story, Deodat Lawson claimed she had an “elf-lock,” a matted section of hair different from the rest that was four feet and seven inches long—further evidence of being a witch. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b>See also</b>: <a href="http://genealogyink.blogspot.com/2016/04/using-restitution-lists-from-1692-salem.html" target="_blank">Using restitution lists from the 1692 Salem witch trials to rebuild Dorcas Hoar’s family</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b>Sources</b>:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.6933px;">“</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">'Where Thieves Break Through and Steal': John Hale versus Dorcas Hoar 1672-1692</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.6933px;">”</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> by Barbara Ritter Dailey in</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span><i style="font-family: 'trebuchet ms', sans-serif;">Essex Institute Historical Collections</i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">, Vol. 128, (1992). </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Records and Files of the Quarterly Courts of Essex County, Massachusetts</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Deodat Lawson, <i>A Brief and True Narrative of Some Remarkable Passages Relating to Sundry Persons Afflicted by Witchcraft, at Salem Village </i>(1704)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Bernard Rosenthal et al, <i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/1107689619/?tag=genink-20" target="_blank">Records of the Salem Witch-Hunt</a></i></span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-898169797604279846.post-50159223154457367542016-03-31T15:53:00.000-04:002016-04-07T07:35:20.694-04:00If my genealogy research is solid, how could my DNA results be wrong?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtjcUSPosqYRt5MvEq2upMwB4GMNTzNvPIA2qTw0xN4zVvx4kK1G62xsnmaxbdSgFeX1yNbnh1PZlzSaBXYp5paNxPW_KMIMXfR785sRJGtLdFI3xMJviB_uGSzCM3omLwNcGCDfNi2k-b/s1600/ancestrydna_4th-cousin.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtjcUSPosqYRt5MvEq2upMwB4GMNTzNvPIA2qTw0xN4zVvx4kK1G62xsnmaxbdSgFeX1yNbnh1PZlzSaBXYp5paNxPW_KMIMXfR785sRJGtLdFI3xMJviB_uGSzCM3omLwNcGCDfNi2k-b/s1600/ancestrydna_4th-cousin.PNG" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">At seminar talks and on her blog, Judy G. Russell, the <a href="http://www.legalgenealogist.com/" target="_blank">Legal Genealogist</a>, suggests taking autosomal DNA tests at more than one company because each company presents data in different ways—and, more importantly, you expand your pool of potential cousins. Having tested at <a href="https://www.familytreedna.com/" target="_blank">FamilyTreeDNA</a> and <a href="https://www.23andme.com/" target="_blank">23andMe</a>, I decided to follow Judy<span style="line-height: 107%;">’</span>s advice and try <a href="http://dna.ancestry.com/" target="_blank">AncestryDNA</a>.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">And what I found shocked me.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">I expected to find an autosomal DNA match with <a href="http://genealogyink.blogspot.com/2010/06/finding-genealogical-gems-in-message.html" target="_blank">Ruby</a>, my longtime conspirator in tracking down our Gibson ancestors. For 18+ years, we<span style="line-height: 107%;">’</span>ve been email buddies, sharing research and debating potential candidates for our family trees. Our mutual tenacity and our databases proved we were fifth cousins, so why didn't the DNA agree?</span><br />
<b style="font-family: 'trebuchet ms', sans-serif;"><br /></b>
<b style="font-family: 'trebuchet ms', sans-serif;">Matchmaker, Matchmaker, Find Me a Match</b><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">On AncestryDNA, I found cousins from my F</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">amilyTreeDNA and 23andMe match lists, but no Ruby. (She didn</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; line-height: 107%;">’</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">t test with the other two companies.) With my 5,000+ hits, you</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; line-height: 107%;">’</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">d think one speck of spit would have declared our relationship. But it looked like we were swimming in different pools.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Luckily, AncestryDNA lets us share DNA results even with someone not on our match lists. (From the AncestryDNA home page, click on the Settings button on the right and scroll down to the green button, Invite Others to Access DNA Results.)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">After opening AncestryDNA results pages for both of us, I filtered my search for any Gibson born in Massachusetts. We both had four hits, but none of the same. Figures.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">This required diving deeper. I checked the family trees of all four of my cousin matches with my genealogy database. Two of them definitely were from my Gibson line, though the other two may be a new Gibson lead or unknown matches with another surname. Then I repeated the same checks with Ruby<span style="line-height: 107%;">’</span>s matches and my database. Her results showed one person shared a direct ancestor with Ruby and me; two had the granddaughter of our direct ancestors; and one matched one of Ruby<span style="line-height: 107%;">’</span>s collateral lines, but the Gibson surname was a red herring.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">This case proves Judy Russell<span style="line-height: 107%;">’</span>s other important suggestion: The more relatives you test, the more matches you'll find. That<span style="line-height: 107%;">’</span>s because you won<span style="line-height: 107%;">’</span>t share the same genetic admixture </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">with your nearest and dearest. If possible, have as many close relatives (grandparents, parents, aunts, uncles, siblings, children, etc.) take autosomal DNA tests to spread your nets wider to catch more cousins.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></span>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b>Related Stories</b>:</span></span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://genealogyink.blogspot.com/2013/09/dna-testing-for-genealogists.html" target="_blank">DNA testing for genealogists</a> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://genealogyink.blogspot.com/2014/03/combining-genealogy-with-genetic.html" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;" target="_blank">Combining genealogy with genetic research</a></span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b>Some DNA Blogs</b>:</span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://thegeneticgenealogist.com/" target="_blank">The Genetic Genealogist</a> by Blaine Bettinger</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.yourgeneticgenealogist.com/" target="_blank">Your Genetic Genealogist</a> by CeCe Moore</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://dna-explained.com/" target="_blank">DNAeXplained – Genetic Genealogy</a> by Roberta Estes</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.legalgenealogist.com/" target="_blank">The Legal Genealogist</a> by Judy G. Russell</span></li>
</ul>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-898169797604279846.post-40563582492127638242016-01-07T15:35:00.002-05:002016-01-08T08:23:14.124-05:00Days of Inspiration<div class="MsoNormal">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrwPXizXIHx8TE2mshYU9I_cXOPeCAvPIVkG8QwsgoyY7_CXkL014b0tbqcUU_fTIObmFpyk9amlB7atq8Y5B-sU0-SBwSkZaUbSWeJXuZZkiFsMJQztO2NmjHxKYj_KDfJsULQ1cekL_X/s1600/Actions-view-calendar-day-icon_small.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrwPXizXIHx8TE2mshYU9I_cXOPeCAvPIVkG8QwsgoyY7_CXkL014b0tbqcUU_fTIObmFpyk9amlB7atq8Y5B-sU0-SBwSkZaUbSWeJXuZZkiFsMJQztO2NmjHxKYj_KDfJsULQ1cekL_X/s1600/Actions-view-calendar-day-icon_small.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">The start of a new year causes people to compile lists of New Year's resolutions. Some good intentions are easily broken, while others become good habits. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">If you're looking for inspiration for your genealogy writing, <span style="line-height: 115%;">as a conversation starter, or just a fun day to celebrate, check out the calendar dates below. </span> </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">January</span></b></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Jan. 1: New Year’s Day (Gregorian calendar)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Martin Luther King Day (third Monday in January)</span></li>
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<b><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">February</span></b></div>
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<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">African-American History Month</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Feb. 14: Valentine's Day</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Feb. 29: Leap Year day (once every four years)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Presidents’ Day (third Monday in February)</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">March</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">March 17: St. Patrick's Day</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">March 17: Evacuation Day</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">March 20: Spring Equinox</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">March 25: New Year's Day (Julian calendar)</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">April</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">April 1: April Fools Day</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">April 10: </span><a href="http://www.siblingsday.org/" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">National
Siblings Day</a></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">April 16: National Librarian Day</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">April 22: </span><a href="http://www.earthday.org/" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;" target="_blank">Earth Day</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.ala.org/nlw" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Library Week</a><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> (first
week in April)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Patriots Day (third Monday in April)</span></li>
<li><a href="http://www.daughtersandsonstowork.org/" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;" target="_blank">Take Our Daughters and Sons to Work day</a><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> (last Thursday
in April)</span></li>
<li><a href="http://www.arborday.org/" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Arbor Day</a><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> (last
Friday in April)</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">May</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">May 1: May Day</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">May 2: Brothers & Sisters Day</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">May 5: Cinco de Mayo</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">May 8: V.E. Day: Victory in Europe Day</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">May 22: National Maritime Day</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">National Teacher's Day (Tuesday of the first full week of
May)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Mother's Day (second Sunday in May)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Armed Forces Day (third Saturday in May)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Memorial Day (last Monday in May)</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">June</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">June 14: Flag Day</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">June 17: Bunker Hill Day</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">June 19: Juneteenth Day</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">June 20: Summer Solstice</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Father's Day (third Sunday in June)</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">July</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">July 4: Independence Day</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Parents’ Day (fourth Sunday in July)</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">August</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Friendship Day (first Sunday in August)</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: right;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">September</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Sept. 11: Patriot Day</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Sept. 17: Constitution Day</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Sept. 17: Citizenship Day</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Sept. 21: International Peace Day</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Sept. 22: Autumn Equinox</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Labor Day (first Monday in September)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Grandparents Day (Sunday after Labor Day)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Native American Day (fourth Friday of September)</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">October</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Family History Month</span></li>
<li><a href="http://www.mcgruff.org/" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;" target="_blank">National
Crime Prevention Month</a></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Oct. 5: World Teacher Day</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Oct. 31: Halloween</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Columbus Day (second Monday in October)</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">November</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.adoptioncouncil.org/" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;" target="_blank">National
Adoption Month</a></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Native American Indian Month</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Nov. 1: All Saints Day</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Nov. 2: All Souls Day/Day of the Dead</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Nov. 11: Veterans Day</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Election Day (Tuesday following the first Monday of the
month)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Thanksgiving (Fourth Thursday in November)</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">December</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Dec. 7: Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Dec. 21: Winter Solstice</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Dec. 25: Christmas</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Dec. 26: Kwanzaa begins</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Dec. 31: New Year’s Eve</span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<h3>
<b><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Other Holidays & Fun Stuff</span></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">In addition to the dates above, there are “moveable”
holidays that change every year, such as Easter, Chinese New Year, Yom Kippur, Ramadan,
and Diwali. To keep up with those dates, visit <a href="http://www.holidayinsights.com/" target="_blank">Holiday Insights</a><span class="MsoHyperlink">.</span> You’ll also find many other reasons to celebrate on that site. </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">An</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">d don’t forget Thomas
MacEntee’s GeneaBloggers’ <a href="http://www.geneabloggers.com/daily-blogging-prompts/" target="_blank">daily blogging prompts</a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Need help organizing all the dates? </span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Check out </span><a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;" target="_blank">Create Your Own Calendar</a><span class="MsoHyperlink" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="MsoHyperlink" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-898169797604279846.post-2577629518008438602015-10-29T15:50:00.002-04:002022-02-01T19:27:42.700-05:00Tituba, Indian Servant of Mr. Samuel Parris<div class="MsoNormal">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf_4XpaUB2iLSmAQDAIlyeygT4EJ3RYA00iW_4gJPOnIM_BX5oTrdz43rDuos09hU93WQvPOYZhDr_2A6277eSo-pirTcMeKKUbmFGqtZxRjVCAKsKM0R-e9Uve1zUtY_YRJM0cfTbNNxi/s1600/mama-kyris-old-new-orleans-voodoo-doll-in-black-256px-256px.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf_4XpaUB2iLSmAQDAIlyeygT4EJ3RYA00iW_4gJPOnIM_BX5oTrdz43rDuos09hU93WQvPOYZhDr_2A6277eSo-pirTcMeKKUbmFGqtZxRjVCAKsKM0R-e9Uve1zUtY_YRJM0cfTbNNxi/s1600/mama-kyris-old-new-orleans-voodoo-doll-in-black-256px-256px.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">HEX: Old World Witchery in Salem<br />
sells voodoo dolls*</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">From the 1692 Salem witch-hunt records, we know Tituba was “the
Indian servant of Mr. Samuel Parris,” the minister of Salem Village. But we
know very little about her life and her background. When was she born and where
did she come from before being accused, interrogated, and jailed as a witch?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Although called a “servant,” Tituba probably lived in
perpetual servitude. While slaves did exist in New England, most were of
African descent, not Native American. Tituba could have been a Wampanoag, a
Carib, or an Arawak Indian, which scholars have debated for years. Her foreignness within
her small community went beyond her ethnic background though. In court, Tituba
refers to “her mistress in her own country,” implying that she was born outside
of the 13 Colonies as well. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">The most in-depth study, <i>Tituba,
Reluctant Witch of Salem</i> by Elaine
Breslaw, claims Tituba was an Arawak Indian kidnapped from a Dutch settlement in
South America and brought to Barbados. Based on the etymology of
her name it could be plausible—but that scenario and the name also could apply
to multiple people. Instead of suggesting Tituba absorbed an amalgam of
cultural influences in Barbados, Breslaw creates a captive story that not only
orphans Tituba but has the young Indian girl living with an African family. To tie the pieces
together, Breslaw finds a 1676 plantation list of “negroes” that places a “Tattuba”
with the “boys & girls,” suggesting an age range—and providing white owners
with possible connections to Samuel Parris. As genealogists, we learn that even
if the name is the same, we still need to connect the 1692 Tituba with earlier
documents</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">—</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">and that cannot be done conclusively.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Like many slaves, we may never know her parents, her
birthplace, or her age, though we can surmise some details based on the life of
Tituba’s owner, Samuel Parris (1653-1720).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">The Life of Parris<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Samuel was the son of Thomas Parris (d. 1673), a cloth
merchant of London. Thomas’ older brother John (d. 1660) owned a sugar
plantation in Barbados in the 1640s, where he was a merchant and sometime slave
trader. When he died there in 1660, part of John’s property went to his brother
Thomas and his children. Thomas’ eldest son John inherited land from his uncle in England and
Ireland. Younger son Samuel inherited a plantation and other property in
Barbados. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">At some point, Thomas and son Samuel moved to Barbados,
where the climate, the foods, and the racial demographics were much different
from England and even New England. With such valuable and income-producing properties, they would
have become accustomed to having slaves and servants as an everyday part of
island life. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Samuel left Barbados to attend Harvard College in
Massachusetts Bay Colony, where his classmates would be future
ministers, government officials, and businessmen. To an aspiring young man,
Parris may have made the association that true gentlemen had servants and
slaves to take care of farming and household chores so they themselves could be
occupied with worldly matters. Before completing his degree, however, Thomas
died, causing Samuel to return to Barbados to settle his father’s estate. Instead
of living on the plantation, Samuel moved to Bridgetown, where he acted as a
merchant agent. In December 1679, he was listed with one slave and one servant
on the Barbados census.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">By 1680, Samuel Parris returned to Boston, most likely bringing
with him Tituba and John Indian. In short order, the 27-year-old bachelor
married Elizabeth Eldridge/Eldred (1648?-1696) and set up house. Without the
business acumen of his uncle and because of his own fractious nature, Samuel was
not a successful merchant. He defaulted on a commercial loan and spent time in
the courts. Perhaps thinking the ministry was a more suitable, pastoral
occupation, in 1685, Samuel took a position as a paid preacher in Stowe,
Massachusetts. Several years and much negotiating later, he became the minister
at Salem Village, taking Tituba and John Indian with him. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">The Qualities of a
Servant<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">In the court trials, Tituba mentions her </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">“</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">previous
mistress</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">”</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"> in whose home she would have learned how to be in charge of a household—from tending the garden, preserving foods, cooking meals to
housecleaning, laundry, spinning, and making candles and soaps. To be capable
of running the household, we can estimate that Tituba would have been between the ages of 15
and 25 when she came to Boston. Without having much supervision in a bachelor’s
home, it’s doubtful she would have been younger. If she were much older, that would
have meant a shorter working life, and we know from his biography that Samuel was
stingy and too demanding for that.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">When Samuel married, Tituba’s workload would not have been
divided in half. From his interactions with the Salem Villagers, it’s easy to get
the impression that Samuel aspired to a higher social strata than a yeoman
farmer. In Boston, Elizabeth Parris may have done more entertaining than
cleaning. And as a minister’s wife, she was expected to make her rounds,
helping people in the community, leaving Tituba to take care of hearth and
home—and children. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Samuel and Elizabeth had three children—Thomas (b. 1681),
Betty (1682-1760), and Susanna (1688-1706)—and, at some point, niece Abigail
Williams joined the family.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Tribulations and
Trials <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Although the children had chores and schooling to attend to,
Betty and Abigail’s so-called witch afflictions in 1692 meant more work for
Tituba. Not only was the house filled with visitors observing the two girls,
Betty and Abigail’s ailments were a convenient excuse to get out of housework.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">After weeks of hysterical outbursts, fits, and twitches from
the two girls, Samuel Parris gave up on Cotton Mather’s proscribed prayers and
fasting, pushing instead for names of those who had bewitched the children.
It’s not surprising whose names were on the list—the outcasts and outsiders—including
Tituba, the overworked Indian slave from Barbados. These women didn’t fit in
polite, Christian society, with their cursing (impoverished Sarah Good), their
lack of church attendance (bedridden Sarah Osburn), their otherness (Indian
woman Tituba). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">If you visit local attractions in Salem, Massachusetts, Tituba is portrayed as a <a href="http://genealogyink.blogspot.com/2015/10/tituba-redefined-salem-then-and-now.html" target="_blank">black slave</a> telling tales to young and impressionable girls at the Salem
Village parsonage. But the role of storyteller wasn’t created for Tituba until
Charles W. Upham (1802-1875) re-imagined her as the center of the maelstrom in
his book <i>Salem Witchcraft </i>(1867),
which was widely read and repeated by historians and authors. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Probably after being physically coerced by Samuel Parris, Tituba
confesses to being a witch before the magistrates—but not to occult practices like fortune-telling or Caribbean
voodoo. She does, however, tell of Satan making her pinch and hurt the girls,
of riding a stick to night-time meetings with other witches, and of the
existence of more witches. With obvious references to British witchcraft folklore,
Tituba’s testimony weaves together Samuel Parris’ sermons of Satan’s conspiracy
against his church and the people’s fears that the girls were experiencing a preternatural
battle for their souls. Instead of creating unity to save the church, Tituba’s
words turned neighbor against neighbor. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Story with No Ending<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Tituba’s value as a witness against Sarah Good and Sarah
Osburn unexpectedly saved her life, while forfeiting theirs. As more afflicted
accusers came forward, more innocent victims were accused, and spectral
evidence spread near and far, Tituba lay forgotten in prison. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">According to contemporary chroniclers, after the General
Jail Delivery, Samuel Parris refused to pay Tituba’s jail fees. But by paying seven
pounds for her shackles and 13 months’ room and board, a new master bought an Indian
slave whose future labor was worth more than the fees. After watching others
die in jail or being led out to the gallows and being rejected by the family
she had served for a dozen years, perhaps her new owner thought Tituba would be a
docile and obedient servant. Beaten down and neglected, she was malnourished, her
body stiff from the shackles and hardly any exercise, her mind constantly
living in fear. No doubt, Tituba was grateful to be part of the living again. And,
so, quietly Tituba the Indian servant disappeared from recorded history. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">In 1711, no one came forward to ask for compensation from the government on
behalf of the Indian slave. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b>Sources</b>:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Elaine Breslaw, <i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00EIFPD7I/?tag=genink-20" target="_blank">Tituba, Reluctant Witch of Salem: Devilish Indians and Puritan Fantasies</a></i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Larry Gragg, <i>A Quest for Security: The Life of Samuel Parris
1653-1720</i>.</span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Elise Lemire, <i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/0812241800/?tag=genink-20" target="_blank">Black Walden: Slavery and Its Aftermath in Concord, Massachusetts</a></i>.</span></div>
<br />
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Bernard Rosenthal, et al, <i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/1107689619/?tag=genink-20" target="_blank">Records of the Salem Witch-Hunt</a></i>.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Charles W. Upham, <i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00A73FNZC/?tag=genink-20" target="_blank">Salem Witchcraft</a></i>.</span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b>For more on Tituba, see also</b>:</span><br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="border: 0px; color: #1155cc; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap; width: auto;"><a class="PXLWASD-F-i" href="http://genealogyink.blogspot.com/2015/10/tituba-redefined-salem-then-and-now.html" style="border: 0px; color: #1155cc; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap; width: auto;" target="_blank">Tituba Redefined: Salem Then and Now</a></span></li>
</ul>
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
* It is unclear whether the voodoo dolls sold at HEX are in reference to a supposed (and incorrect) connection to Tituba since Bridget Bishop poppets also are sold in the store, or if they are just one of many magical products available. The owners are </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">“</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">modern-day Warlocks with Witchcraft shops in both Salem and New Orleans.</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">”</span><br />
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
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</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-898169797604279846.post-34410582473781103442015-10-15T15:15:00.002-04:002021-10-08T13:00:53.194-04:00Top 5 Places to Visit in Salem, Massachusetts<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">When you visit the Witch City, there are many attractions,
museums, tours, and events vying for your attention. I put together a list of
five not-to-miss places that are worth the trip to Salem, Massachusetts, for
people interested in the 1692 witch hunts in Essex county.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b>Site of the Salem
Village Parsonage </b>(behind 67 Centre Street, Danvers, MA).<b> <o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">The parsonage was built after February 1681, when Salem Village
voted to build the parsonage for their second minister, George Burroughs
(1650-1692). Here, strange fits first possessed nine-year-old Betty Parris and
her 11-year-old cousin Abigail Williams, causing a local doctor to declare the
girls were under an evil hand. The first accused witches lived close by,
including in the parsonage itself, but it quickly spread to Salem Town and
around Essex county.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">In 1734, a new house was added to the old parsonage. In
1784, the original parsonage was demolished and the 1734 addition was moved. In
time, the foundation filled in. In 1970, Richard Trask and a team of
archeologists uncovered the foundation stones. Artifacts discovered at the site
are located at the <a href="http://www.danverslibrary.org/archive/" target="_blank">Danvers Archival Center</a> (15 Sylvan Street, Danvers).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">The archeological site not only gives you an idea of how
small the house was, it also puts into perspective where </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Rev. Samuel Parris (1653-1720) and his family</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"> lived in
relation to the First Meeting House and Ingersoll’s Ordinary—just a quick walk
around the corner—and how far away Salem Town was by foot, horseback, or wagon. </span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">While you’re in the area, visit the Danvers witch memorial on Hobart street.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.rebeccanurse.org/"><b>Rebecca Nurse Homestead</b></a> (149 Pine St., Danvers, MA)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK4TfRWkt96CNxU5hUuARbRvb8NzMq_v3XqPAuqRGnKj6UaGx6-8cX_SnTpNVhjlxoWlb_6Cg4aNjEQUkv3qpkMekYNXb2_wQLJ3V3t-34OkbPqt9oxeQHZzmcndY8t1bInzlIE9kvIji-/s1600/1014_nurse_home_03.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK4TfRWkt96CNxU5hUuARbRvb8NzMq_v3XqPAuqRGnKj6UaGx6-8cX_SnTpNVhjlxoWlb_6Cg4aNjEQUkv3qpkMekYNXb2_wQLJ3V3t-34OkbPqt9oxeQHZzmcndY8t1bInzlIE9kvIji-/s320/1014_nurse_home_03.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rebecca Nurse Homestead</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">In 1678, Francis and Rebecca Nurse leased this 300-acre
parcel from Rev. Allen. Their farm was productive and the terms of their lease were generous. In 1692, the afflicted girls accused Rebecca of being a witch, the
jury failed to convict her, and the magistrate asked them to reconsider after the
girls acted out in court. Even the villagers’ petition and the governor’s
reprieve didn’t save her. She was hung on July 19, 1692. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">The volunteers who give tours at the homestead are very knowledgeable, so
you’ll get more out of your visit than a self-guided tour. The homestead
includes the original house built about 1678, plus several additions; the 1681
Endecott barn; a 19th-century shoemaker’s shed; and a replica of the
1672 Salem Village Meeting House that was used in the film <i>Three Sovereigns for Sarah</i>. The property now consists of 27 acres,
including the Nurse graveyard. It’s likely that Rebecca Nurse was buried in the
graveyard, though the location is unknown. There are two memorials, from 1885
and 1992, erected in her memory. You’ll also find a 17<sup>th</sup>-century-styled gravestone for George Jacobs, whose supposed body was reburied at the site.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b><a href="https://www.historyalivesalem.com/" target="_blank">Cry Innocent: The People vs. Bridget Bishop</a></b> (Old Town Hall, 32
Derby Street, Salem, MA)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">If you wander down Essex Street in Salem, you may come
across a 17th-century town crier and a band of similarly dressed
townspeople. After several arguments, they arrest Bridget Bishop for being a
witch and bring her to the Town Hall for questioning. Like other attractions in town,
you will hear dialogue taken from the witch trial papers, but in this case,
you—the audience—become the jury and vote to determine whether she should
be held for trial. You also get a chance to ask questions of the witnesses and
Bridget herself. The performances are well done and there are no poorly made
mannequins sitting in for the afflicted girls—just quiet chairs—so, unlike 1692, you can
listen to the words spoken instead of the distraction caused by the afflicted
girls. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b>The Salem Witch
Trials Memorial</b> (between Charter and Derby streets, adjacent to Old Burying
Point, Salem, MA)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdnh6jXgpCrJhi6TKYRyNGczCdlqYlmJ7TehJFFV6vNZnwqVVwP5M5qCr7mnSZ3pmhYTRnklFkUCol-k3SSXoceJDjp0pKLxNXohWNdbUS2JiMoMJUqfF6d_GRoyG1_L2t080E9FiCzC_U/s1600/1012_salem_028_bridgetbishop.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdnh6jXgpCrJhi6TKYRyNGczCdlqYlmJ7TehJFFV6vNZnwqVVwP5M5qCr7mnSZ3pmhYTRnklFkUCol-k3SSXoceJDjp0pKLxNXohWNdbUS2JiMoMJUqfF6d_GRoyG1_L2t080E9FiCzC_U/s320/1012_salem_028_bridgetbishop.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Salem Witch Trials Memorial</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Built 300 years after the witch trials, the memorial consists
of 20 granite benches that float in the middle of a low stone wall. Each
bench is inscribed with the victim’s name and date of execution. Unlike the
cemetery next to the memorial, there are no bodies here (they are cenotaphs)
and the benches hovering above the ground remind us of that fact. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Over the years, Salem tried to bury its witchcraft past, so
we don’t know where the witch-hunt victims were hanged (though most people
assume it’s somewhere on Gallows Hill) or buried. The memorial serves as a contemplative
spot to honor these brave women and men who stood up for their religious
beliefs and wouldn’t condemn their souls by lying to save their lives. At the
threshold of the memorial, you’ll see some of their poignant words cut off, just
like their lives were. </span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">While you’re in the area, stop by the repaired
gravestone of Judge John Hathorne (1641-1717) at Old Burying Point. It’s hard
to miss.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b>The Salem Witch Walk</b> (Crow Haven Corner, 125 Essex
Street, Salem)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Having been on a trolley tour and a historical 1692 walking
tour, I’ve learned where Bridget Bishop’s house or apple orchard stood (43
Church Street) and where the 1684 jail once existed (corner of Federal Street
and St. Peter’s Street, formerly known as Prison Lane). But much of the tour
guides’ scripts have not kept up with current research and often repeat myths
and misconceptions. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">The Salem Witch Walk is different, right from the start. The
walk begins with a magic circle, in which the tourists are invited to
participate. As Tom, a practicing witch and our tour guide, explains during
the ceremony, witches hold true to two words: “Harm none.” </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Tom says none of the
accused in 1692 were witches, but 17th-century</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"> cultural beliefs, superstitions,
and magic came into play, turning neighbor against neighbor and ending in a
land grab. He explains what some witch symbols mean, including the pentagram, and why Laurie Cabot and other witches came to Salem. There’s no scary hocus pocus. </span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">In the end, you may realize the juxtaposition of <a href="http://www.nightmaregallery.com/" target="_blank">Count Orlok’s Nightmare Gallery</a> and Elizabeth Montgomery’s <i>Bewitched</i> statue with the <a href="https://www.salemwitchmuseum.com/" target="_blank">Salem Witch Museum</a>, the maritime heyday of the <a href="http://www.pem.org/" target="_blank">Peabody Essex Museum</a>, and Salem’s leather manufacturing history are not that strange. It’s how Salem survives its past and moves into the future.</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><i>NOTE: Some of these places have limited, seasonal hours. Check the websites for details.</i></span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><i><br /></i></span>
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b>Want to read more about Salem and the witch trials?</b> Click on the keyword "witch-hunt" on the right-hand column to see other articles, from a short genealogy of the victims and a timeline of the witch-hunt to books and tourist attractions. </span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-898169797604279846.post-71843145517480379342015-10-04T18:11:00.000-04:002015-11-11T18:32:08.061-05:00Tituba Redefined: Salem Then and Now <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBMT7nyYyVA5psF2m1-ijud1TD-Hsv0kxCl_gb9J5DS2P9d2x5glVASIxiu7zstIjuDfEP3ljHefWsE8TVY5IPmHMxwlkJtqkK2F1iGPwCR48U5yhDeRc6dbfITfzMNPDLVvj-B8L205ub/s1600/1012_salem_047_tituba_witch-history-museum.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBMT7nyYyVA5psF2m1-ijud1TD-Hsv0kxCl_gb9J5DS2P9d2x5glVASIxiu7zstIjuDfEP3ljHefWsE8TVY5IPmHMxwlkJtqkK2F1iGPwCR48U5yhDeRc6dbfITfzMNPDLVvj-B8L205ub/s320/1012_salem_047_tituba_witch-history-museum.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A scene from the Salem Village parsonage, with Betty Parris, <br />
Tituba, John Indian, and Abigail Williams at the <br />
Witch History Museum on Essex Street, Salem, Mass.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Tituba is a key figure in the beginning stages of the 1692 Salem
witchcraft trials, being the first person to confess and to describe the world
of witches. If you visit local attractions in Salem, Massachusetts, you’ll see her
depicted as a black woman, often telling tales to young and impressionable
girls at the Salem Village parsonage. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Yet in the actual court records, Tituba
is very specifically referred to as </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">“</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">the Indian servant of Mr. Samuel Parris,</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">”</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> while Mary Black and Candy are described as “negro slaves” of their owners. So
how did Tituba get rewritten in popular culture as of African descent?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">From contemporary accounts by trial critics to Charles W.
Upham’s often referenced history, <i>Salem
Witchcraft</i> (1867), Tituba is called Indian. Shortly after the American
Civil War, however, she’s depicted as of mixed race. Henry Wadsworth
Longfellow, who is more inclined to poetic license than historical truth, wrote
Tituba was a half-Indian, half-African woman in the dramatic verses of <i>Giles
Cory of the Salem Farms</i> (1868). Historians and novelists continued this trend
into the 20<sup>th</sup> century. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Taking it one step further, Arthur Miller turned the
historical witch trial into an allegorical play about McCarthyism, the U.S.
interrogation and blacklisting of suspected Communists. By using names and
events from 1692, <i>The Crucible</i> (1953)
overwrites history by making Tituba of full African descent.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Salem’s local attractions continue to portray Tituba as of African
heritage. What’s tragic is the little we know of Tituba, her life, and her
background is that she was Indian—as easily accessible transcriptions of actual
1692 documents and the last 50 years of some excellent research repeatedly tell
us.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://salem.lib.virginia.edu/books.html" target="_blank">17th century sources</a> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Upham, <i>Salem Witchcraft</i> <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Salem_Witchcraft.html?id=mObSzqPRw_4C" target="_blank">Vol. 1</a> and <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XAt4MF1DyfwC" target="_blank">Vol. 2</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Longfellow's <i><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aTgGAgQlVxoC&" target="_blank">The New England Tragedies</a></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Boyer & Nissenbaum, <i><a href="http://salem.lib.virginia.edu/texts/transcripts.html" target="_blank">Salem Witchcraft Papers</a></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Rosenthal, ed., <i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/1107689619/?tag=genink-20" target="_blank">Records of the Salem Witch-Hunt 1692</a></i></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-898169797604279846.post-65000670804861811842015-07-26T21:00:00.000-04:002015-07-27T11:06:26.695-04:00Hawthorne and the Guilt-Ridden W?<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaNGuRtrNC27XO-Q-WLX1VJBCYkn0jAJ4j9XJW1I3eDiWe_pQrhe96XB0N8vxiZtTjv9TtXowusdNRAjtNl2TNOO-duOhtTsmCNAWppFwqv7OkDBygetkasbfd3-fcRbonKhdznjsr1HMa/s1600/hawthorne_nathaniel300.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaNGuRtrNC27XO-Q-WLX1VJBCYkn0jAJ4j9XJW1I3eDiWe_pQrhe96XB0N8vxiZtTjv9TtXowusdNRAjtNl2TNOO-duOhtTsmCNAWppFwqv7OkDBygetkasbfd3-fcRbonKhdznjsr1HMa/s320/hawthorne_nathaniel300.png" width="275" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Nathaniel Hawthorne c. 1860-1865 by Mathew Brady</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Numerous articles and books repeat that Nathaniel Hawthorne
added a W to his surname to distance himself from his ancestor, the hanging
judge John Hathorne (1641-1717) of the Salem witch trials—without offering any
proof. But is it really true? Did he ever tell someone or write down why? </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Or
did people assume they could peer into his psyche—through reading his short
stories and romances, perhaps—and say ancestral guilt led him to add a letter
to his surname? It doesn’t make sense. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">From “Young Goodman Brown” to <i>The House of Seven Gables</i>, Salem
permeates Hawthorne’s writings, whether it’s the setting itself, the
story line, or even the Puritan mentality. Hawthorne couldn’t escape the ghosts
in his past, whether he believed actual ghosts meandered through the headstones
at the Old Burying Point or whether he felt ancestral eyes were watching him,
much like the judge’s painting in <i>Seven
Gables</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">During the early 19th century, Salem was a busy seaport. Surrounded by wealth and worldliness, Hawthorne</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">’</span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">s family relied on relatives
for support after his father died of yellow fever in Surinam when the author was four years old. </span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">And those relatives, no doubt, regaled the young boy with stories
of his ancestors, to keep alive the Hathorne legacy.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Legends of the Tree<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></b></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVPXDzz14S1Nz6qLpvtLa8A_utl0V4p1ABhQqb4DMEmA2Rf6P8QkQmXFqYUNnTKhp5d4qVpEA6iXeU18jSJWzYVQsXK0jSMaJCkibPvsgw9k_Fp6YiowJlcbpBefegLZs197tNISn9aC7O/s1600/hawthorn_flowers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVPXDzz14S1Nz6qLpvtLa8A_utl0V4p1ABhQqb4DMEmA2Rf6P8QkQmXFqYUNnTKhp5d4qVpEA6iXeU18jSJWzYVQsXK0jSMaJCkibPvsgw9k_Fp6YiowJlcbpBefegLZs197tNISn9aC7O/s1600/hawthorn_flowers.jpg" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hawthorn flowers</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">The author’s long-ago ancestors lived near Binfield and
Bray, co. Berks, in England, where there’s a <a href="https://archive.org/stream/historyandantiq00kerrgoog#page/n125/mode/2up" target="_blank">legend of two pots of gold buried beneath the hawthorn tree</a> on Hawthorn Hill (p. 110). Genealogist Henry F. Waters, himself a son of Salem, regretted he didn</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">’</span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">t make this discovery earlier, when Hawthorne was still alive. Waters wrote: </span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">“How eagerly [Hawthorne</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">’</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">s] quaint and vivid fancy would have seized even upon the scanty materials offered to it in the Legend of Hawthorn Hill and its pots of gold, to weave therefrom a story that should rival in weirdness any of his </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">‘</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Legends of New England</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">’</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">”</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> (</span><i style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Register</i><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">, Vol. 38, p. 203).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Home to
the faerie folk, hawthorn is linked to courtship and May Day celebrations. At
the same time, the tree is considered unlucky. It’s protected with thorns and blossoms
that smell of illness or death—and, ironically, it’s supposed to be a favored wood
used to make witches’ brooms.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">It’s possible that centuries ago the family took its name
from the hawthorn tree. And, like many words, some surnames evolved and changed
spellings over time. Reviewing vital records, probate proceedings, and
histories, the surname has appeared as Harthone, Harthorn(e), Hathorn,
Hatthorn, Haughthorne, Hauthorn(e), Hawthorn(e), Horthorne, Hotharn,
Hothorn(e), and Hothornne, among others. Between handwriting, literacy, and
clerical errors, it’s easy to see how names change on paper.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Take it one step further and consider how the surname is pronounced. Try saying “Hathorne” with an
English accent, specifically with the intonations of someone from 17th century
London or co. Berks. Then try it with a 19th century Massachusetts accent.
Would it sound differently?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Without the Story, It’s
Guesswork<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Without knowing the story behind the change in spelling, we
cannot assume it’s because of guilt by association.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Who’s to say that it wasn’t Hawthorne’s publisher who added
the W? Not necessarily separating the brooding author from his heritage but
because the hawthorn tree, with its white flowers and red berries, added a touch
of romance to the author</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">’</span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">s persona? Or because the printer made a typographical mistake on the book cover?
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">And who’s to say that maybe Hawthorne, inspired by his
family tree, did a little genealogical research in the Salem church records and
found his father was baptized as “Nathanael Hawthorne” in 1775 and his great
grandfather as “Joseph Hauthorn” in 1692?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">We may never know the truth, but let</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">’</span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">s stop guessing that ancestral disassociation was behind the decision to add the W in Hawthorne.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Ancestors of
Nathaniel Hawthorne in America<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><b>Nathaniel Hawthorne</b>,
b. 4 July 1804, Salem, Mass.; d. 19 May 1864, Plymouth, NH; m. 9 July 1842, Sophia
Amelia Peabody (1809-1871). Author.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><b>Capt. Nathaniel
Hathorne</b>, bapt. 21 May 1775, Salem, as “Nathanael Hawthorne”; d. 1808 in
Surinam; m. 2 August 1801, Salem, Elizabeth C. Manning (1780-1849).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpk2BF4WDFE1KhOsCafxVenFF5WeRS_K2cYsNQRP41HGjZCDmOQRovTgZkvgDKFYb1PEcr3lpG61n4ivitwa0aTO7Y_ONJASFStPhpdHex8ubGIVMqfAUqqKzARQ2C9vDRxmFqFw0qbggX/s1600/1012_salem_027_hangingjudge.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpk2BF4WDFE1KhOsCafxVenFF5WeRS_K2cYsNQRP41HGjZCDmOQRovTgZkvgDKFYb1PEcr3lpG61n4ivitwa0aTO7Y_ONJASFStPhpdHex8ubGIVMqfAUqqKzARQ2C9vDRxmFqFw0qbggX/s320/1012_salem_027_hangingjudge.png" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John Hathorne's grave at Old Burying Point, Charter Street, Salem.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><b>Daniel Hathorne</b>,
bapt. 22 August 1731, Salem; d. 18 April 1796, Salem; m. 21 Oct. 1756, Salem,
Rachel Phelps (1733-1813).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><b>Joseph Hathorne</b>,
bapt. May 1692, Salem, as “Joseph Hauthorn”; d. 23 June 1762, Salem; m. 30 June
1715, Salem, Sarah Bowditch.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><b>Col. John Hathorne</b>,
bapt. 2 Aug. 1641, Salem; d. 10 May 1717, Salem; m. 22 March 1674/5, Ruth
Gardner. Known as “the hanging judge” for his part in the 1692 Salem witch
trials.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><b>Major William
Hathorne</b>, born about 1606/1607, Bray, co. Berks, England; emigrated about 1633;
died April 1681, Salem, Mass.; married Ann.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Sources<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>Massachusetts Vital Records to 1850: Salem</i> (NEHGS online)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">French, Elizabeth, “Genealogical Research in England,” in <i>New England Historical and Genealogical
Register</i>, Vol. 67, pp. 248-260 (1913).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Kerry, Charles, <i><a href="https://archive.org/details/historyandantiq00kerrgoog" target="_blank">The History and Antiquities of the Hundred of Bray, in the County of Berks</a></i> (London: Savill and Edwards, 1861).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Moriarty, G. Andrews, “Genealogical Gleanings in England VII,” in </span><i style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">New England Historical and Genealogical Register</i><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">, Vol. 79, pp. 311-316 (1925).</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Waters, Henry F., “Genealogical Gleanings in England,” in <i>New England Historical and Genealogical Register</i>, Vol. 38, pp. 201-204 (1884).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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